Baker Sandra E, Maw Stephanie A, Johnson Paul J, Macdonald David W
Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon, OX13 5QL, UK.
Campaigns Consultant to Humane Society International UK, 5 Underwood St, Hoxton, London N1 7LY, UK.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Jan 30;10(2):222. doi: 10.3390/ani10020222.
Human-wildlife conflict occurs globally. Attempts to control 'pest' wildlife involve killing and harming the welfare of animals on a vast scale. We examined public perceptions of 10 wildlife species/groups and wildlife management, in and around UK homes, and public authority 'pest control' provision, in an effort to identify ethical, welfare-friendly ways to reduce conflict. Most people reported never having problems with each of the 10 species, and reported problems for some species were largely tolerated. Wasps, mice, and rats were the most frequently problematic species, the least tolerated, and those for which local authorities most often offered pest control services. Do-It-Yourself pest control was preferred over professional control, except for with wasps. People wanted control to be quick, lasting, and safe for people and non-target animals. Where people accepted lethal control, they were nevertheless concerned for animal welfare. Drivers of pest status were complex, while drivers of demand for control were fewer and species-specific. Local authority pest control provision increased over the four years studied, but only half of councils offered advice on preventing/deterring wildlife; this advice was patchy and variable in quality. Greater focus is required on preventing/deterring rather than controlling wildlife problems. Councils should provide standardised, comprehensive advice on prevention/deterrence and prevention/deterrence services.
人类与野生动物的冲突在全球范围内都有发生。控制“有害”野生动物的尝试涉及大规模地捕杀和伤害动物福利。我们调查了英国家庭及其周边地区公众对10种野生动物物种/群体以及野生动物管理的看法,以及公共当局的“害虫控制”服务情况,以努力找出符合伦理、有利于动物福利的减少冲突的方法。大多数人表示从未与这10种物种中的任何一种产生过问题,并且对于一些物种所报告的问题大多持容忍态度。黄蜂、老鼠是最常引发问题的物种,最不被容忍,也是地方当局最常提供害虫控制服务的对象。除了黄蜂,人们更倾向于自己动手进行害虫控制而非专业控制。人们希望控制措施快速、持久,且对人和非目标动物安全。在人们接受致死控制的情况下,他们仍然关心动物福利。有害物种的驱动因素很复杂,而控制需求的驱动因素较少且因物种而异。在所研究的四年中,地方当局的害虫控制服务有所增加,但只有一半的议会提供预防/威慑野生动物的建议;这些建议零散且质量参差不齐。需要更加关注预防/威慑而非控制野生动物问题。议会应提供关于预防/威慑以及预防/威慑服务的标准化、全面的建议。