Wądrzyk Łukasz, Staszkiewicz Robert, Kryst Łukasz, Żegleń Magdalena
Department of Biomechanics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland.
Department of Anthropology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland.
Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2019;21(4):3-11.
The study aim was determining gender-related differences of underwater undulatory swimming (UUS) kinematic indicators and their impact on UUS velocity.
The study included 18 girls (F: age 16.71 ± 0.64 years, FINA points 551 ± 68) and 23 boys (M: age 16.79 ± 0.57 years, FINA points 533 ± 66) training swimming. After marking characteristic anatomical points, subjects performed approximately 7 meters of UUS. A filming device placed behind the underwater window registered the trial. Recordings were analysed using the SkillSpector programme.
Boys swam faster (F: 1.24 m/s, M: 1.35 m/s), overcame a greater distance during one cycle (F: 0.67 m, M: 0.74 m), performed movements with higher toes amplitude (F: 0.58 m, M: 0.63 m), obtained higher amplitude and frequency product (F: 1.05, M: 1.15) and smaller ankle joint range of motion (F: 64 °, M: 57 °). In both groups, relationships between velocity and: maximal ankle joint extension, distance covered during one cycle and backward toes shift during downward movement were found. The results were statistically significant ( p < 0.05).
Girls and boys differed in kinematic indicator level, but UUS velocity depends on identical kinematic variables, meaning UUS technical training can be performed without gender-division.
本研究旨在确定水下波动式游泳（UUS）运动学指标的性别差异及其对UUS速度的影响。
本研究纳入了18名进行游泳训练的女孩（F：年龄16.71±0.64岁，国际泳联积分551±68）和23名男孩（M：年龄16.79±0.57岁，国际泳联积分533±66）。在标记特征解剖点后，受试者进行约7米的UUS。放置在水下窗口后方的拍摄设备记录了测试过程。使用SkillSpector程序对记录进行分析。
男孩游得更快（F：1.24米/秒，M：1.35米/秒），在一个周期内游过的距离更远（F：0.67米，M：0.74米），脚趾运动幅度更大（F：0.58米，M：0.63米），获得的幅度和频率乘积更高（F：1.05，M：1.15），踝关节活动范围更小（F：64°，M：57°）。在两组中，均发现了速度与最大踝关节伸展、一个周期内游过的距离以及向下运动时脚趾向后移动之间的关系。结果具有统计学意义（p<0.05）。
女孩和男孩在运动学指标水平上存在差异，但UUS速度取决于相同的运动学变量，这意味着UUS技术训练可以不分性别进行。
