DATS (Development and Advising in Traffic Safety) Research Group, INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, 46022 València, Spain.
Department of Economic and Legal Sciences, University Center of Defense (Spanish Air Force Academy), 30720 Santiago de la Ribera, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 3;17(3):935. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030935.
: Education in road safety (also known as Road Safety Education-RSE) constitutes, nowadays, an emergent approach for improving present and future road behaviors, aiming at taking action against the current, and concerning, state-of-affairs of traffic crashes, through a behavioral perspective. In the case of children, and despite their overrepresentation in traffic injury figures, RSE-based strategies for behavioral health in transportation remain a "new" approach, whose impact still needs to be empirically tested. : The aim of this study is to assess the impact of three key road safety skills of the Positive Attitudes, Risk perception and Knowledge of norms (PARK) model, addressed in RSE-based interventions, on the safe road behavior of Spanish children. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, a representative sample of 1930 (50.4% males and 49.6% females) Spanish children attending primary school, with a mean age of 10.1 (SD = 1.6) years, was gathered from 70 educational centers across all Spanish regions, through a national study on RSE and road safety. : Road safety skills show a positive relationship with children's self-reported safe behaviors on the road. However, the knowledge of traffic norms alone does not predict safe behaviors: it needs to be combined with risk perception and positive attitudes towards road safety. Furthermore, the degree of exposure to previous RSE interventions was shown to have an effect on the score obtained by children in each road safety skill; on the other hand, road misbehaviors observed in parents and peers had a negative impact on them. : The outcomes of this study suggest that education in road safety is still a key process for the acquisition of safe habits, patterns and behaviors among young road users.
道路安全教育（也称为道路安全教育培训-RSE）目前是一种改善当前和未来道路行为的新兴方法，旨在从行为角度出发，针对当前的交通事故状况采取行动。对于儿童而言，尽管他们在交通事故伤亡数据中占比较大，但基于 RSE 的交通行为健康策略仍然是一种“新”方法，其影响仍需通过实证研究来检验。本研究旨在评估积极态度、风险感知和规范知识（PARK）模型中的三个关键道路安全技能在 RSE 干预中的应用对西班牙儿童安全道路行为的影响。本研究采用了一种跨学科的方法，通过对来自西班牙各地 70 个教育中心的 1930 名（50.4%为男性，49.6%为女性）西班牙小学生进行问卷调查，收集了与道路安全相关的数据。这些学生的平均年龄为 10.1 岁（标准差=1.6 岁）。研究结果表明，道路安全技能与儿童自我报告的道路安全行为之间存在正相关关系。然而，仅仅了解交通规范并不能预测安全行为，还需要结合风险感知和对道路安全的积极态度。此外，先前 RSE 干预的程度对儿童在每个道路安全技能中获得的分数有影响；而父母和同龄人中的道路违规行为则对他们产生了负面影响。这些结果表明，道路安全教育仍然是年轻道路使用者养成安全习惯、模式和行为的关键过程。
