Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Clin J Sport Med. 2021 Nov 1;31(6):e499-e505. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000829.
To summarize the literature relating to prehospital care at 5 km through marathon distance road races and present the epidemiology of common medical encounters, significant medical complications, and medical outcomes.
We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for the published literature pertaining to road race medical tent encounters at 5 km through marathon distance road races from 2000 to 2018. We included English-language, original articles reporting on injury and illness incidence.
Standard medical encounter definitions have recently been formulated in response to the previous lack of uniform definitions. The incidence of medical complications at road races may be influenced by environmental conditions and race distance. Minor and moderate medical encounters, such as dermatologic injuries, musculoskeletal injuries, and exercise-associated collapse, are common. Serious and life-threatening medical complications, including exertional heat stroke, exercise-associated hyponatremia, and cardiac arrest, are less frequent. Fatalities are also rare, with rates of 0.3 to 5 per 100 000 participants reported at marathons. The ratio of hospital transports to medical encounters is low.
On-site medical services play a key role in the safety of both runners and the community. Future research and care initiatives in this field should focus on optimizing treatment protocols, promoting injury prevention efforts and reducing host community costs.
总结 5 公里马拉松距离公路赛跑的院前救治文献，并介绍常见医疗遭遇、重要医疗并发症和医疗结果的流行病学情况。
我们在 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 上搜索了 2000 年至 2018 年有关 5 公里马拉松距离公路赛跑医疗帐篷遭遇的文献，包括关于伤害和疾病发生率的英文原始文章。
针对以前缺乏统一定义的问题，最近制定了标准医疗遭遇定义。公路赛跑中医疗并发症的发生率可能受到环境条件和比赛距离的影响。常见的轻微和中度医疗遭遇，如皮肤损伤、肌肉骨骼损伤和运动相关崩溃；严重和危及生命的医疗并发症，包括运动性中暑、运动相关性低钠血症和心搏骤停，发生率较低。死亡率也很低，据报道，马拉松比赛的参与者死亡率为每 10 万人中有 0.3 至 5 人。需要住院治疗的病例与医疗遭遇的比例较低。
现场医疗服务对跑步者和社区的安全起着关键作用。该领域的未来研究和护理举措应侧重于优化治疗方案、促进伤害预防工作和降低宿主社区成本。
