Business School, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 5;17(3):1010. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17031010.
With the increasingly serious problem of environmental pollution, reducing carbon emissions has become an urgent task for all countries. The cap-and-trade (C&T) policy has gained international recognition and has been adopted by several countries. In this paper, considering the uncertainty of market demand, we discuss the carbon emission reduction and price policies of two risk-averse competitive manufacturers under the C&T policy. The two manufacturers have two competitive behaviors: simultaneous decision making and sequential decision making. Two models were constructed for these behaviors. The optimal decisions, carbon emission reduction rate, and price were obtained from these two models. Furthermore, in this paper the effects of some key parameters on the optimal decision are discussed, and some managerial insights are obtained. The results show that the lower the manufacturers' risk aversion level is, the higher their carbon emission reduction rate and utilities. As the carbon quota increases, the manufacturers' optimal carbon reduction rate and utilities increase. Considering consumers' environmental awareness, it is more beneficial for the government to reduce the carbon quota and motivate manufacturers' internal enthusiasm for emission reduction. The government can, through macro control of the market, make carbon trading prices increase appropriately and encourage manufacturers to reduce carbon emissions.
随着环境污染问题日益严重，减少碳排放已成为各国的当务之急。总量管制与排放交易（Cap-and-Trade，C&T）政策已经得到国际认可，并被多个国家采用。本文考虑到市场需求的不确定性，在 C&T 政策下，讨论了两个风险厌恶型竞争制造商的减排和价格策略。这两个制造商有两种竞争行为：同时决策和序贯决策。针对这两种行为构建了两个模型。从这两个模型中得出了最优决策、减排率和价格。此外，本文还讨论了一些关键参数对最优决策的影响，并得出了一些管理启示。结果表明，制造商的风险厌恶程度越低，其减排率和效用越高。随着碳配额的增加，制造商的最优减排率和效用增加。考虑到消费者的环境意识，政府通过对市场的宏观调控，降低碳配额并激发制造商的减排积极性，更有利于社会。政府可以通过适当提高碳交易价格，鼓励制造商减少碳排放，从而实现这一目标。
