The impact of human trafficking in relation to maternity care: A literature review.

OBJECTIVE

To map the relevant literature and inform future research on the issues related to and experiences of pregnancy and maternity care for women who have been trafficked.

DESIGN

A scoping review was undertaken to identify literature on the issues and experiences of pregnancy and maternity care for women who have been trafficked.

RESULTS

45 papers were identified and six key themes were derived from the literature: the impact of trafficking on health; access to maternity care; experiences of maternity care; social factors; knowledge and experience of staff; and identification and referral.

KEY CONCLUSIONS

Women who have been trafficked are at risk of physical and emotional health issues that may affect maternal and fetal outcomes. Multiple barriers to care exist for women who have been trafficked, and social factors including housing, poverty and dispersal policies may impact upon both health and access to care. Healthcare staff do not feel adequately prepared to respond to the needs of this vulnerable group and no midwifery-specific guidance exists.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

Midwives need awareness of the complex range of health and social factors that may affect women who have been trafficked. Midwives and maternity care professionals require more specialised training to better identify, refer and support women who have been trafficked.