He Fang, Yu Changyin, Liu Tao, Jia Huilin
Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jan 23;10:1565. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01565. eCollection 2019.
Recently, breakthroughs have been made in the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat various diseases. Several stem cell types have been authorized as drugs by the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The Chinese official document "Notification of the management of stem cell clinical research (trial)" was also published in August 2015. Currently, China has approved 106 official stem cell clinical research filing agencies and 62 clinical research projects, which are mostly focused on MSC therapy. Hence, the optimization and development of stem cell drugs is imperative. During this process, maximizing MSC expansion, minimizing cell loss during MSC transplantation, improving the homing rate, precisely regulating the differentiation of MSCs, and reducing MSC senescence and apoptosis are major issues in MSC preclinical research. Similar to artemisinin extracted from the stems and leaves of , ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is purified from the root or stem of ginseng. In the human body, Rg1 regulates organ function, which is inseparable from its regulation of adult stem cells. Rg1 treatment may effectively regulate the proliferation, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis of MSCs in different microenvironments or . In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the effect of Rg1 on MSCs and describe the issues that must be addressed and prospects regarding Rg1 regulation of MSCs in preclinical or clinical studies.
近年来，间充质干细胞（MSCs）在治疗各种疾病方面取得了突破。几种干细胞类型已获欧洲药品管理局和美国食品药品监督管理局批准作为药物使用。中国官方文件《干细胞临床研究管理办法（试行）》也于2015年8月发布。目前，中国已批准106家官方干细胞临床研究备案机构和62个临床研究项目，这些大多聚焦于MSC治疗。因此，优化和开发干细胞药物势在必行。在此过程中，最大化MSC扩增、最小化MSC移植过程中的细胞损失、提高归巢率、精确调控MSCs的分化以及减少MSC衰老和凋亡是MSC临床前研究中的主要问题。与从青蒿茎叶中提取的青蒿素类似，人参皂苷Rg1（Rg1）是从人参根或茎中提纯的。在人体内，Rg1调节器官功能，这与其对成体干细胞的调节密不可分。Rg1处理可能有效调节不同微环境中MSCs的增殖、分化、衰老和凋亡。在本综述中，我们讨论了关于Rg1对MSCs作用的最新研究进展，并描述了在临床前或临床研究中关于Rg1对MSCs调节必须解决的问题及前景。
