College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, China.
College of Vocational and Technical Education, Changchun Sci-Tech University, 1699 Donghua Street, Changchun 130606, China.
Genes (Basel). 2020 Feb 6;11(2):172. doi: 10.3390/genes11020172.
Studies of the gene and miRNA expression profiles associated with the postnatal late growth, development, and aging of skeletal muscle are lacking in sika deer. To understand the molecular mechanisms of the growth and development of sika deer skeletal muscle, we used de novo RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) analyses to determine the differentially expressed (DE) unigenes and miRNAs from skeletal muscle tissues at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years in sika deer. A total of 51,716 unigenes, 171 known miRNAs, and 60 novel miRNAs were identified based on four mRNA and small RNA libraries. A total of 2,044 unigenes and 11 miRNAs were differentially expressed between adolescence and juvenile sika deer, 1,946 unigenes and 4 miRNAs were differentially expressed between adult and adolescent sika deer, and 2,209 unigenes and 1 miRNAs were differentially expressed between aged and adult sika deer. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that DE unigenes and miRNA were mainly related to energy and substance metabolism, processes that are closely associate with the growth, development, and aging of skeletal muscle. We also constructed mRNA-mRNA and miRNA-mRNA interaction networks related to the growth, development, and aging of skeletal muscle. The results show that mRNA (Myh1, Myh2, Myh7, ACTN3, etc.) and miRNAs (miR-133a, miR-133c, miR-192, miR-151-3p, etc.) may play important roles in muscle growth and development, and mRNA (WWP1, DEK, UCP3, FUS, etc.) and miRNAs (miR-17-5p, miR-378b, miR-199a-5p, miR-7, etc.) may have key roles in muscle aging. In this study, we determined the dynamic miRNA and unigenes transcriptome in muscle tissue for the first time in sika deer. The age-dependent miRNAs and unigenes identified will offer insights into the molecular mechanism underlying muscle development, growth, and maintenance and will also provide valuable information for sika deer genetic breeding.
关于与梅花鹿骨骼肌出生后后期生长、发育和衰老相关的基因和 miRNA 表达谱的研究还很缺乏。为了了解梅花鹿骨骼肌的生长和发育的分子机制，我们使用从头 RNA 测序（RNA-seq）和 microRNA 测序（miRNA-seq）分析来确定梅花鹿骨骼肌组织在 1 年、3 年、5 年和 10 年的差异表达（DE）的基因和 miRNA。基于四个 mRNA 和小 RNA 文库，共鉴定了 51716 个基因、171 个已知 miRNA 和 60 个新的 miRNA。在青春期和幼鹿之间，共鉴定到 2044 个基因和 11 个 miRNA 差异表达，在成年和青春期鹿之间，共鉴定到 1946 个基因和 4 个 miRNA 差异表达，在老年和成年鹿之间，共鉴定到 2209 个基因和 1 个 miRNA 差异表达。基因本体论（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）分析表明，DE 基因和 miRNA 主要与能量和物质代谢有关，这些过程与骨骼肌的生长、发育和衰老密切相关。我们还构建了与骨骼肌生长、发育和衰老相关的 mRNA-mRNA 和 miRNA-mRNA 相互作用网络。结果表明，mRNA（Myh1、Myh2、Myh7、ACTN3 等）和 miRNA（miR-133a、miR-133c、miR-192、miR-151-3p 等）可能在肌肉生长和发育中发挥重要作用，而 mRNA（WWP1、DEK、UCP3、FUS 等）和 miRNA（miR-17-5p、miR-378b、miR-199a-5p、miR-7 等）可能在肌肉衰老中起关键作用。在这项研究中，我们首次在梅花鹿肌肉组织中确定了动态 miRNA 和基因转录组。鉴定出的与年龄相关的 miRNA 和基因将为肌肉发育、生长和维持的分子机制提供深入的了解，并为梅花鹿遗传育种提供有价值的信息。
