Anto Enoch Odame, Owiredu W K B A, Adua Eric, Obirikorang Christian, Fondjo Linda Ahenkorah, Annani-Akollor Max Efui, Acheampong Emmanuel, Asamoah Evans Adu, Roberts Peter, Wang Wei, Donkor Sampson
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia.
Heliyon. 2020 Jan 6;6(1):e03147. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03147. eCollection 2020 Jan.
Obesity and hypertension are public health problems associated with cardiovascular events worldwide. Bus drivers, whose lifestyle is primarily sedentary and characterized by poor eating habits are at increased risk. This study determined the prevalence and lifestyle-related risk factors of obesity and hypertension among Inter-Regional Metromass Bus Drivers (IRMBDs) in Ghana. This cross-sectional study recruited 527 professional drivers from Metromass Bus stations in Accra and Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Structured questionnaires were administered to obtain socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics from all participants. Anthropometric measurements including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and blood pressure (BP) were determined. The prevalence of unrecognized hypertension was 38.7%. The prevalence of obesity using BMI, WC, and WHR as obesity indices were 19.0%, 19.9%, and 19.4%, respectively. Use of sleep inhibitors, long-duration sitting and eating late at night were independent risk factors for obesity, regardless of the obesity index used ( < 0.05) Physical inactivity, high caloric intake and eating at stressful periods were independent risk factors for obesity based on WC and WHR measurements ( < 0.05). Ageing, smoking history, alcoholic beverage intake, sleep inhibitor drug use, high calorie intake, long-duration sitting, eating late and under stressful conditions were independent risk factors for hypertension ( < 0.05). There is a high prevalence of unrecognized hypertension and obesity among IRMBDs which were associated with individual lifestyle and behaviours. Increased awareness through educational and screening programs will trigger lifestyle modifications that will reduce cardio-metabolic disease onset and offer clues for better disease predictive, preventive and personalized medicine.
肥胖和高血压是全球范围内与心血管事件相关的公共卫生问题。公交车司机的生活方式主要是久坐不动且饮食习惯不良，他们面临的风险更高。本研究确定了加纳跨地区都市大众公交车司机（IRMBDs）中肥胖和高血压的患病率以及与生活方式相关的风险因素。这项横断面研究从加纳阿克拉和库马西市的都市大众公交车站招募了527名职业司机。通过发放结构化问卷来获取所有参与者的社会人口统计学和生活方式特征。测定了包括体重指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）、腰臀比（WHR）和血压（BP）在内的人体测量指标。未被识别的高血压患病率为38.7%。以BMI、WC和WHR作为肥胖指标时，肥胖的患病率分别为19.0%、19.9%和19.4%。无论使用何种肥胖指标，使用睡眠抑制剂、长时间坐着和深夜进食都是肥胖的独立风险因素（<0.05）。根据WC和WHR测量结果，身体活动不足、高热量摄入以及在压力大时进食是肥胖的独立风险因素（<0.05）。年龄增长、吸烟史、饮酒、使用睡眠抑制剂药物、高热量摄入、长时间坐着、进食过晚以及处于压力大的环境是高血压的独立风险因素（<0.05）。IRMBDs中未被识别的高血压和肥胖患病率很高，这与个人生活方式和行为有关。通过教育和筛查项目提高认识将促使生活方式改变，从而减少心血管代谢疾病的发生，并为更好的疾病预测、预防和个性化医疗提供线索。
