Nougadère Alexandre, Sirot Véronique, Cravedi Jean-Pierre, Vasseur Paule, Feidt Cyril, Fussell Richard J, Hu Renwei, Leblanc Jean-Charles, Jean Julien, Rivière Gilles, Sarda Xavier, Merlo Mathilde, Hulin Marion
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy; ANSES, Risk Assessment Department, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
ANSES, Risk Assessment Department, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Environ Int. 2020 Apr;137:105529. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105529. Epub 2020 Feb 8.
A total diet study (TDS) was undertaken to estimate the chronic dietary exposure to pesticide residues and health risks for the French infants and young children below 3 years old. As a whole, 516 pesticides and metabolites were analysed in 309 food composite samples including 219 manufactured baby foods and 90 common foods, which cover 97% of infants and young children's diet. These composite samples were prepared using 5,484 food products purchased during all seasons from 2011 to 2012 and processed as consumed. Pesticide residues were detected in 67% of the samples and quantified in 27% of the baby food samples and in 60% of the common foods. Seventy-eight different pesticides were detected and 37 of these quantified at levels ranging from 0.02 to 594 µg/kg. The most frequently detected pesticides (greater than 5% samples) were (1) the fungicides 2-phenylphenol, azoxystrobin, boscalid, captan and its metabolite tetrahydrophthalimide, carbendazim, cyprodinil, difenoconazole, dodine, imazalil, metalaxyl, tebuconazole, thiabendazole, (2) the insecticides acetamiprid, pirimiphos-methyl and thiacloprid, (3) the herbicide metribuzin and (4) the synergist piperonyl butoxide. Dietary intakes were estimated for each of the 705 individuals studied and for 431 pesticides incl. 281 with a toxicological reference value (TRV). In the lower-bound scenario, which tends to underestimate the exposure, the TRV were never exceeded. In the upper-bound scenario that overestimates exposure, the estimated intakes exceeded the TRV for dieldrin and lindane (two persistent organic pollutants) and propylene thiourea, a metabolite of propineb. For these three substances, more sensitive analyses are needed to refine the assessment. For 17 other detected and/or prioritised pesticides, the risk could not be characterised due to the lack of a valid TRV, of certain food analyses or the absence of analytical standards for their metabolites.
开展了一项总膳食研究（TDS），以估算法国3岁以下婴幼儿对农药残留的慢性膳食暴露量及健康风险。总体而言，对309份食物综合样本中的516种农药及其代谢物进行了分析，这些样本包括219种市售婴儿食品和90种普通食品，涵盖了婴幼儿97%的饮食。这些综合样本是使用2011年至2012年全年各季节购买的5484种食品制备而成，并按食用方式进行处理。67%的样本中检测到了农药残留，27%的婴儿食品样本和60%的普通食品样本中对农药残留进行了定量分析。检测到78种不同的农药，其中37种的定量水平在0.02至594微克/千克之间。最常检测到的农药（样本检出率大于5%）为：（1）杀菌剂2-苯基苯酚、嘧菌酯、啶酰菌胺、克菌丹及其代谢物四氢邻苯二甲酰亚胺、多菌灵、嘧菌环胺、苯醚甲环唑、多果定、抑霉唑、甲霜灵、戊唑醇、噻菌灵；（2）杀虫剂啶虫脒、甲基嘧啶磷和噻虫啉；（3）除草剂嗪草酮；（4）增效剂胡椒基丁醚。对所研究的705名个体以及431种农药（包括281种具有毒理学参考值（TRV）的农药）的膳食摄入量进行了估算。在倾向于低估暴露量的下限情景中，TRV从未被超过。在高估暴露量的上限情景中，狄氏剂、林丹（两种持久性有机污染物）和代森锌的代谢物丙烯硫脲的估计摄入量超过了TRV。对于这三种物质，需要进行更敏感的分析以完善评估。对于其他17种检测到的和/或优先考虑的农药，由于缺乏有效的TRV、某些食品分析或其代谢物的分析标准，无法对风险进行特征描述。
