School of Architecture, Future Underground Space Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing 210019, Jiangsu, China.
School of Public Health, Station and Train Health Institute, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210019, Jiangsu, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 8;17(3):1084. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17031084.
Environmental health in subway stations, a typical type of urban underground space, is becoming increasingly important. Ventilation is the principal measure for optimizing the complex physical environment in a subway station. This paper narratively reviews the environmental and health effects of subway ventilation and discusses the relevant engineering, environmental, and medical aspects in combination. Ventilation exerts a notable dual effect on environmental health in a subway station. On the one hand, ventilation controls temperature, humidity, and indoor air quality to ensure human comfort and health. On the other hand, ventilation also carries the potential risks of spreading air pollutants or fire smoke through the complex wind environment as well as produces continuous noise. Assessment and management of health risks associated with subway ventilation is essential to attain a healthy subway environment. This, however, requires exposure, threshold data, and thereby necessitates more research into long-term effects, and toxicity as well as epidemiological studies. Additionally, more research is needed to further examine the design and maintenance of ventilation systems. An understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and aerodynamic characteristics of various pollutants can help formulate ventilation strategies to reduce pollutant concentrations. Moreover, current comprehensive underground space development affords a possibility for creating flexible spaces that optimize ventilation efficiency, acoustic comfort, and space perception.
地铁站的环境健康问题日益受到关注，它是城市地下空间的典型代表。通风是优化地铁站复杂物理环境的主要措施。本文对地铁通风的环境和健康影响进行了叙述性综述，并结合工程、环境和医学方面进行了讨论。通风对地铁站的环境健康具有显著的双重影响。一方面，通风可以控制温度、湿度和室内空气质量，以确保人体舒适度和健康。另一方面，通风也会通过复杂的风环境传播空气污染物或火灾烟雾，并产生持续的噪声，从而带来潜在的风险。评估和管理与地铁通风相关的健康风险对于实现健康的地铁环境至关重要。然而，这需要暴露、阈值数据，因此需要更多的长期影响、毒性和流行病学研究。此外，还需要进一步研究通风系统的设计和维护。了解各种污染物的发病机制和空气动力学特性有助于制定通风策略，以降低污染物浓度。此外，当前全面的地下空间开发为创造优化通风效率、声学舒适度和空间感知的灵活空间提供了可能。
