Tamene Aiggan
Environmental Health Unit, Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2021 Mar 16;14:1129-1139. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S299671. eCollection 2021.
The health of a community depends greatly on the availability of sufficient and clean water. Rural households relying on self-supplied drinking water must take full responsibility for the treatment of their drinking water. Globally, not many inquiries appear to have been carried out to satisfactorily inform us regarding how and why improvements in behavior related to water treatment occur in some selected individuals and not in others. Related investigations in Ethiopia are even fewer.
In the rural Aleta Wondo district of Ethiopia, a total of fifteen focus group discussions were conducted with community members. Similarly, ten key informant interviews were conducted with officers responsible for organizing water and hygiene programs. To gather data for this study, two qualitative data collection methods, viz., key informant interviews and focus group discussions, were used. Open code software 4.03 was used for thematic analysis.
Factors influencing household water treatment practices were categorized into individual-level factors (eg cognitive factors, emotional factors), household-level factors (household means and decision-making balance), community-level factors (the value that is given for water quality and Public resources) and, environment and context-related factors (access to products and reliance on external sources).
Household water treatment practice has a range of multilevel influences. Beyond the model of providing ongoing safe water education by health extension workers, potential initiatives could be improved by community mobilization activities that include community leaders, women's groups, etc., in promoting water treatment at community engagements. Also, the results of the present study indicate that it could be beneficial to provide health extension staff with additional training to improve their ability to encourage community members across, a wide range of user types or levels of readiness, to treat their water.
社区的健康在很大程度上取决于充足且清洁的水的供应。依赖自供水的农村家庭必须对其饮用水的处理负全部责任。在全球范围内，似乎没有进行过多少调查能让我们满意地了解到，在某些特定个体中与水处理相关的行为改善是如何以及为何发生的，而在其他个体中却没有。在埃塞俄比亚进行的相关调查甚至更少。
在埃塞俄比亚的阿莱塔翁多农村地区，与社区成员总共进行了15次焦点小组讨论。同样，与负责组织水与卫生项目的官员进行了10次关键 informant访谈。为了收集本研究的数据，使用了两种定性数据收集方法，即关键 informant访谈和焦点小组讨论。使用开放式编码软件4.03进行主题分析。
影响家庭水处理实践的因素被分为个体层面因素（如认知因素、情感因素）、家庭层面因素（家庭收入和决策平衡）、社区层面因素（对水质和公共资源的重视程度）以及环境和背景相关因素（产品获取和对外部资源的依赖）。
家庭水处理实践受到一系列多层次的影响。除了由健康推广工作者提供持续安全饮水教育的模式外，通过社区动员活动，包括社区领袖、妇女团体等参与社区活动来促进水处理，可能会改进潜在的举措。此外，本研究结果表明，为健康推广人员提供额外培训以提高他们鼓励各类用户或不同准备程度的社区成员处理其用水的能力可能是有益的。
