艺术中的心脏：小说、电影和绘画中的心血管疾病。
Heart in art: cardiovascular diseases in novels, films, and paintings.
机构信息
Medical Psychology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
出版信息
Philos Ethics Humanit Med. 2020 Feb 13;15(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s13010-020-0086-3.
BACKGROUND
Understanding representations of disease in various art genres provides insights into how patients and health care providers view the diseases. It can also be used to enhance patient care and stimulate patient self-management.
METHODS
This paper reviews how cardiovascular diseases are represented in novels, films, and paintings: myocardial infarction, aneurysm, hypertension, stroke, heart transplantation, Marfan's disease, congestive heart failure. Various search systems and definitions were used to help identify sources of representations of different cardiovascular diseases. The representations of the different diseases were considered separately. The Common Sense Model was used a theoretical model to outline illness perceptions and self-management in the various identified novels, films, and paintings.
RESULTS
Myocardial infarction followed by stroke were the most frequently detailed diseases in all three art genres. This reflects their higher prevalence. Representations ranged from biomedical details through to social and psychological consequences of the diseases.
CONCLUSIONS
Artistic representations of cardiovascular diseases reflect cognitions, emotions, and images of prevalent disease. These representations shape views and behaviour of ill and healthy persons regarding heart diseases. As these representations are amenable to change, they deserve further research, which may be instrumental in improving the quality of life of persons struck by cardiovascular diseases. Changing illness perceptions appears to be a method to improve self-management and thereby quality of life in patients with various cardiovascular diseases.
背景
了解各种艺术形式中对疾病的表现，可以深入了解患者和医疗保健提供者如何看待这些疾病。它还可以用于增强患者护理并激发患者自我管理。
方法
本文综述了心血管疾病在小说、电影和绘画中的表现形式：心肌梗死、动脉瘤、高血压、中风、心脏移植、马凡氏综合征、心力衰竭。使用了各种搜索系统和定义来帮助识别不同心血管疾病表现的来源。分别考虑了不同疾病的表现。使用常识模型作为理论模型，概述了在不同识别出的小说、电影和绘画中对疾病的感知和自我管理。
结果
心肌梗死和中风是这三种艺术形式中最详细描述的疾病。这反映了它们更高的发病率。表现形式从生物医学细节到疾病的社会和心理后果。
结论
心血管疾病的艺术表现反映了普遍存在的疾病的认知、情感和形象。这些表现形式塑造了患病和健康人群对心脏病的看法和行为。由于这些表现形式可以改变，因此值得进一步研究，这可能有助于改善心血管疾病患者的生活质量。改变对疾病的认识似乎是改善各种心血管疾病患者自我管理从而提高生活质量的一种方法。
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