Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Prevention Research Collaboration, The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
BMJ Open. 2020 Feb 12;10(2):e034036. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034036.
Compared with sighted individuals, people with visual impairment have a higher prevalence of chronic conditions and lower levels of physical activity. This review aims to systematically review physical activity interventions for those with a visual impairment and to assess their effectiveness.
A systematic review of articles reporting physical activity interventions in visually impaired individuals was conducted. Medline, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SPORTDiscus and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database were searched in August 2018. Meta-analyses were conducted on randomised controlled trials with the same outcome measure.
Most interventions were conducted in a group setting, with some including an at-home, self-directed component.
Following identification of a recent systematic review of physical activity interventions in children, our review focused on adults aged 18 years and older with a visual impairment.
Outcomes included measures of balance, mobility, mental well-being (eg, quality of life), number of falls, muscle strength, flexibility and gait.
Eighteen papers from 17 studies met inclusion criteria. Physical activity components include falls prevention and/or balance-based activities, walking, tai chi, Alexander Technique, Yoga, dance, aerobics and core stability training. Significant results in favour of the intervention were reported most commonly in measures of functional capacity (9/17 studies) and in falls/balance-related outcomes (7/13 studies). The studies identified were generally small and diverse in study design, and risk of bias was high across several categories for most studies. Meta-analyses indicated non-significant effects of the included interventions on the Timed Up and Go, Chair Sit Test and Berg Balance Scale.
Physical activity interventions in individuals with visual impairment incorporating activities such as tai chi, Yoga and dance can have positive results, particularly in physical measures such as mobility and balance. However, when performing a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, the evidence for effectiveness is less clear. More studies with larger sample sizes, stronger designs and longer follow-up periods are needed.
CRD42018103638.
与视力正常者相比，视力障碍者患慢性病的比例更高，身体活动水平更低。本综述旨在系统地回顾针对视力障碍者的身体活动干预措施，并评估其效果。
对报道视力障碍者身体活动干预措施的文章进行系统回顾。2018 年 8 月检索了 Medline、EMBASE、The Cochrane Library、Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature、SPORTDiscus 和 Physiotherapy Evidence Database。对采用相同结局测量指标的随机对照试验进行了荟萃分析。
大多数干预措施都是在小组环境中进行的，有些还包括家庭自我指导部分。
在确定了最近对儿童身体活动干预措施的系统综述后，我们的综述重点关注年龄在 18 岁及以上的视力障碍成年人。
结局指标包括平衡、移动能力、心理健康（例如，生活质量）、跌倒次数、肌肉力量、柔韧性和步态。
17 项研究中的 18 篇论文符合纳入标准。身体活动的组成部分包括防跌倒和/或基于平衡的活动、散步、太极拳、亚历山大技术、瑜伽、舞蹈、有氧运动和核心稳定性训练。大多数研究报告了干预措施有利于功能能力（17 项研究中的 9 项）和跌倒/平衡相关结局（13 项研究中的 7 项）。所确定的研究通常规模较小，设计多样化，且大多数研究在多个类别中存在高偏倚风险。荟萃分析表明，所纳入的干预措施对计时起立行走测试、椅子坐立测试和伯格平衡量表的影响无统计学意义。
纳入太极拳、瑜伽和舞蹈等活动的针对视力障碍者的身体活动干预措施可以产生积极的效果，特别是在移动能力和平衡等身体测量方面。然而，当对随机对照试验进行荟萃分析时，有效性的证据就不那么明确了。需要更多具有更大样本量、更强设计和更长随访时间的研究。
PROSPERO 注册号：CRD42018103638。
