Duro Torrijos José Luis, Tuells José
Hospital Universitario del Vinalopó. Elche. Alicante. España.
Cátedra Balmis de Vacunología. Universidad de Alicante. Alicante. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2020 Feb 13;94:e202002004.
The rapid diffusion of the jennerian method was founded in simplicity to practice, in its apparent effectiveness in combating smallpox and its epidemiological opportunity, as it appeared at the time of greatest recrudescence of the disease. The initial impulse for it's propagation, which originated a recognized movement to protect population health, was not without controversy. At the same time that defenders of the vaccine were added, opposite opinions appeared that used diverse critics to discredit it. The most common was to reveal their alleged failures using the media of the time, so cases were reported that occurred in the children of notable people in society. Ignacio María Ruiz de Luzuriaga (1763-1822), as secretary of the Royal Academy of Medicine he assumed a catalytic role, becoming the protagonist of the initial history of vaccination in Spain. It has been considered as an introducer, disseminator and ardent defender of the vaccine, as can be seen from the analysis of the bulky correspondence generated between 1801 and 1802 cataloged as "Papeles sobre la vacuna". These documents, preserved in the Academy library, show their activity as a propagator of the method and its capacity to respond to the doubts and concerns related to their possible adverse effects, avoiding jeopardizing the continuity of vaccines.
詹纳氏方法的迅速传播得益于其操作简便、对抗天花时明显的有效性以及当时疾病大规模复发时所呈现的流行病学契机。其传播的最初推动力引发了一场公认的保护公众健康的运动,但并非没有争议。在疫苗拥护者不断增加的同时,出现了相反的观点,这些观点利用各种批评来诋毁疫苗。最常见的做法是利用当时的媒体曝光其所谓的失败案例,比如报道社会知名人士子女中出现的病例。伊格纳西奥·马里亚·鲁伊斯·德·卢苏里加(1763 - 1822),作为皇家医学院的秘书,发挥了催化作用,成为西班牙疫苗接种初期历史的主角。从对1801年至1802年期间编目为“关于疫苗的文件”的大量信件的分析中可以看出,他被视为疫苗的引入者、传播者和热情捍卫者。保存在学院图书馆的这些文件展示了他作为该方法传播者的活动,以及他回应与疫苗可能的副作用相关的疑虑和担忧的能力,从而避免危及疫苗接种的连续性。