Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
PLoS One. 2020 Feb 13;15(2):e0229026. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229026. eCollection 2020.
Staphylococci are a key component of the human microbiota, and they mainly colonize the skin and anterior nares. However, they can cause infection in hospitalized patients and healthy individuals in the community. Although majority of the Staphylococcus aureus strains are coagulase-positive, some do not produce coagulase, and the isolation of coagulase-positive non-S. aureus isolates in humans is increasingly being reported. Therefore, sound knowledge of the species and characteristics of staphylococci in a given setting is important, especially isolates from children and immunocompromised individuals. The spectrum of Staphylococcus species colonizing children in Uganda is poorly understood; here, we aimed to determine the species and characteristics of staphylococci isolated from children in Eastern Uganda. Seven hundred and sixty four healthy children less than 5 years residing in Iganga and Mayuge districts in Eastern Uganda were enrolled. A total of 513 staphylococci belonging to 13 species were isolated from 485 children (63.5%, 485/764), with S. aureus being the dominant species (37.6%, 193/513) followed by S. epidermidis (25.5%, 131/513), S. haemolyticus (2.3%, 12/513), S. hominis (0.8%, 4/513) and S. haemolyticus/lugdunensis (0.58%, 3/513). Twenty four (4.95%, 24/485) children were co-colonized by two or more Staphylococcus species. With the exception of penicillin, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates were low; all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid and daptomycin. The prevalence of methicillin resistance was 23.8% (122/513) and it was highest in S. haemolyticus (66.7%, 8/12) followed by S. aureus (28.5%, 55/193) and S. epidermidis (23.7%, 31/131). The prevalence of multidrug resistance was 20.3% (104/513), and 59% (72/122) of methicillin resistant staphylococci were multidrug resistant. Four methicillin susceptible S. aureus isolates and a methicillin resistant S. scuiri isolate were mupirocin resistant (high-level). The most frequent AMR genes were mecA, vanA, ant(4')-Ia, and aac(6')-Ie- aph(2'')-Ia, pointing to presence of AMR drivers in the community.
葡萄球菌是人类微生物群的重要组成部分，主要定植于皮肤和前鼻腔。然而，它们也会导致住院患者和社区健康人群感染。尽管大多数金黄色葡萄球菌菌株为凝固酶阳性，但也有一些不产生凝固酶，并且越来越多的报告显示人类中分离出凝固酶阳性非金黄色葡萄球菌。因此，了解特定环境中葡萄球菌的种类和特征非常重要，尤其是来自儿童和免疫功能低下者的分离株。乌干达儿童定植的葡萄球菌种类尚不清楚；在这里，我们旨在确定乌干达东部儿童分离的葡萄球菌的种类和特征。764 名小于 5 岁的健康儿童居住在乌干达东部的伊甘加和马尤盖区，他们被纳入研究。从 485 名儿童（63.5%，485/764）中分离出 513 株属于 13 种的葡萄球菌，其中金黄色葡萄球菌（37.6%，193/513）是主要分离株，其次是表皮葡萄球菌（25.5%，131/513）、溶血葡萄球菌（2.3%，12/513）、人葡萄球菌（0.8%，4/513）和溶血葡萄球菌/解糖葡萄球菌（0.58%，3/513）。24 名（4.95%，24/485）儿童同时定植两种或两种以上的葡萄球菌。除青霉素外，抗菌药物耐药率较低；所有分离株均对万古霉素、替考拉宁、利奈唑胺和达托霉素敏感。耐甲氧西林的葡萄球菌发生率为 23.8%（122/513），其中溶血葡萄球菌最高（66.7%，8/12），其次是金黄色葡萄球菌（28.5%，55/193）和表皮葡萄球菌（23.7%，31/131）。多药耐药的发生率为 20.3%（104/513），59%（72/122）耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌为多药耐药。4 株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和 1 株耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌分离株对莫匹罗星（高水平）耐药。最常见的抗菌药物耐药基因是 mecA、vanA、ant(4')-Ia 和 aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia，表明社区中存在抗菌药物耐药基因。
