Direction des risques biologiques et de la santé au travail, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada.
PLoS One. 2020 Feb 13;15(2):e0228986. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228986. eCollection 2020.
The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in Québec from 2016 to 2017 and to identify possible exposures associated with the disease, and the dominant Cryptosporidium species in circulation. A descriptive analysis was performed on data collected from the provincial notifiable infectious diseases registry and the epidemiological investigation. Fecal sample were sent to the Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec for molecular characterization. In Québec, from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017, a total of 201 confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis were notified. A peak in the number of reported cases was observed at the end of the summer. The regional public health department with the highest adjusted incidence rate for sex and age group for both years was that of Nunavik, in the north of Québec. A higher average annual incidence rate was observed for females between the ages of 20 to 34 years compared to males. Overall, for both males and females the distribution appeared to be bimodal with a first peak in children younger than five years old and a second peak in adults from 20 to 30 years of age. Molecular characterization showed that 23% (11/47) of cases were infected with C. hominis while 74% (35/47) were infected with C. parvum. Meanwhile, subtyping results identified by gp60 sequencing, show that all C. parvum subtypes belonged to the IIa family, whereas the subtypes for C. hominis belonged to the Ia, Ib, and Id families. Finally, the epidemiological investigation showed that diarrhea was the most common reported symptom with 99% (72/73) of investigated cases having experienced it. This first brief epidemiological portrait of cryptosporidiosis in Québec has allowed for the description, both at the provincial and regional level, of the populations that could be particularly vulnerable to the disease.
本研究旨在描述 2016 年至 2017 年魁北克地区人类隐孢子虫病的流行病学特征，并确定与该病相关的可能暴露因素和循环中主要的隐孢子虫种。对从省级传染病报告系统和流行病学调查中收集的数据进行了描述性分析。粪便样本被送到魁北克公共卫生局进行分子特征分析。在 2016 年 1 月 1 日至 2017 年 12 月 31 日期间，魁北克共报告了 201 例确诊的隐孢子虫病病例。在夏末，报告病例数达到高峰。在这两年中，男女年龄组的发病率最高的地区公共卫生部门是位于魁北克北部的努纳武特地区。在 20 至 34 岁的女性中，平均年发病率高于男性。总体而言，无论是男性还是女性，其分布似乎呈双峰状，第一个峰值出现在五岁以下儿童中，第二个峰值出现在 20 至 30 岁的成年人中。分子特征分析表明，23%（11/47）的病例感染了人隐孢子虫，74%（35/47）的病例感染了微小隐孢子虫。同时，通过 gp60 测序进行的亚型分析结果表明，所有微小隐孢子虫亚型均属于 IIa 家族，而人隐孢子虫的亚型则属于 Ia、Ib 和 Id 家族。最后，流行病学调查显示，腹泻是最常见的报告症状，99%（72/73）的调查病例都出现了腹泻。这是魁北克首次对隐孢子虫病进行简要的流行病学描述，不仅在省级层面，还在地区层面上描述了可能特别容易感染该病的人群。
