过去二十年来的儿童营养趋势，以及在中国实现营养可持续发展目标和国家目标面临的挑战。

Child Nutrition Trends Over the Past Two Decades and Challenges for Achieving Nutrition SDGs and National Targets in China.

机构信息

School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.

Department of Population Health Science and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.

出版信息

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 11;17(4):1129. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041129.

BACKGROUND

The objectives of the current study were to identify the trends in child nutrition, the gaps in achieving child nutrition-related goals, and implications for program and policy options for the Chinese government.

METHODS

Eight child nutrition-related indicators from the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and China's national nutrition plans, and two datasets, Global Burden of Disease 2016 and Chinese National Nutrition and Health Surveillance, were used in our analysis.

RESULTS

Over the past 26 years, the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight for children under 5 years was reduced by 58.7%, 53.4%, and 69.2%, respectively. Overweight for children aged 1-4 years increased 88.9% and obesity increased 2.14 times. Exclusive breastfeeding of newborns (7-28 days) was stable, at about 30%. We estimated child wasting would be 3.0% lower than the target of 5.0% based on predictive values for meeting the SDGs in 2025. The number of stunted children under five years would be reduced by 39.7%, while overweight would increase 2.2% throughout China.

CONCLUSION

These results highlight the urgent need for targeted policies and interventions to reduce child stunting and overweight and increase exclusive breastfeeding to improve child health and meet the SDG targets and China's national goals.

背景

本研究旨在明确儿童营养的发展趋势、实现儿童营养相关目标的差距，并为中国政府的项目和政策选择提供启示。

方法

我们使用了可持续发展目标（SDGs）和中国国家营养计划中的八项儿童营养相关指标，以及两个数据集，即全球疾病负担 2016 年数据和中国国家营养与健康监测数据，进行分析。

结果

在过去的 26 年中，5 岁以下儿童的发育迟缓、消瘦和体重不足的患病率分别降低了 58.7%、53.4%和 69.2%。1-4 岁儿童的超重率增加了 88.9%，肥胖率增加了 2.14 倍。新生儿（7-28 天）的纯母乳喂养率稳定在 30%左右。我们估计，根据 2025 年实现 SDGs 的预测值，儿童消瘦率将比 5.0%的目标低 3.0%。五岁以下发育迟缓儿童的数量将减少 39.7%，而超重的儿童数量将在全国范围内增加 2.2%。