Nursing Department, Health Psychology and Human Behavior Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
Department of Health Psychology, Health Psychology and Human Behavior Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
Nutrients. 2020 Feb 11;12(2):446. doi: 10.3390/nu12020446.
Background Older people have different nutritional requirements from those of the general population; in particular, they need a lower energy intake, higher protein content to preserve muscle mass, and a greater supply of vitamins and minerals to maintain good bone health. The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of compliance with nutritional recommendations, and its relationship with sociodemographic characteristics, clinical conditions, and lifestyles in older people residing in the Spanish Mediterranean.
Cross-sectional study with 341 people over 60 years old. Participants were selected using a snowball strategy. A validated food intake frequency questionnaire for older populations was used to determine the daily food intake. This evaluation was carried out at two time points from which the average nutrient intake was obtained. Sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle variables were obtained from an ad hoc elaborated questionnaire.
Compliance with dietary intakes was low, by deficiency, such as in vitamin D, where none of the participating subjects met the requirements, and iodine, where the compliance rate did not exceed 20%, or by excess, such as with monounsaturated fatty acids, fiber, iron, B vitamins, vitamin E, and vitamin C. People with better blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose levels observed a higher degree of compliance with the recommended intakes. Living in rural areas, being divorced, or being illiterate negatively influence meeting the recommended intakes of certain nutrients. Increased physical activity was associated with an increased compliance with Kcal recommendations, cholesterol, and vitamin B2 intake.
this study highlights the importance of accurately knowing the dietary intakes in the older population, and what factors, such as lifestyles or sociodemographic characteristics, may predispose to better or worse compliance with the recommendations.
评估老年人营养建议的遵守程度及其与社会人口特征、临床状况和生活方式的关系。
这是一项在西班牙地中海地区居住的 60 岁以上老年人的横断面研究。采用雪球抽样策略选择参与者。使用经过验证的老年人食物摄入频率问卷来确定每日食物摄入量。从这两个时间点获得平均营养素摄入量，并进行评估。从专门制定的问卷中获得社会人口学、临床和生活方式变量。
饮食摄入的遵守程度较低，例如维生素 D 缺乏，没有参与的老年人能够满足要求，而碘的遵守率不超过 20%，或者过量，例如单不饱和脂肪酸、纤维、铁、B 族维生素、维生素 E 和维生素 C。血压、胆固醇和血糖水平较好的老年人对推荐摄入量的遵守程度更高。居住在农村地区、离婚或文盲会对某些营养素的推荐摄入量的遵守产生负面影响。增加身体活动与遵守卡路里、胆固醇和维生素 B2 摄入量的建议有关。
本研究强调了准确了解老年人饮食摄入的重要性，以及生活方式或社会人口特征等因素可能对更好或更差的遵守建议产生影响。
