Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Nutrients. 2017 Nov 13;9(11):1240. doi: 10.3390/nu9111240.
Many communities around the world, particularly developing countries including Indonesia, are experiencing population ageing. There is little knowledge regarding the impact of malnutrition, or its prevalence within rural compared to urban areas, on the nutritional, functional and mental status of community-living older residents in these countries. Hence, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics, nutritional, mental and functional status, and energy and nutrient intake of community-dwelling Indonesians from both rural and urban areas of Yogyakarta. Older individuals were included in the study if they had been living in Yogyakarta for the last year and were aged ≥65 years ( = 527; mean ± SD age of 74 ± 7 years). Rural compared with urban participants had a lower level of education and income, more hospital admissions, less dietary protein intake, lower cognitive function, poorer nutritional status and grip strength, but faster gait speed while being more dependent on assistance to perform daily activities (all < 0.05). Cognitive function was more strongly associated than nutritional status with physical function. Rural older Indonesians living in Yogyakarta were more likely than urban older people to be malnourished and cognitively impaired, and to have associated reductions in functional capacity and independence. Strategies to improve cognitive function and nutritional status are therefore important for the wellbeing of Indonesian citizens.
世界上许多社区，特别是包括印度尼西亚在内的发展中国家，都面临着人口老龄化的问题。关于营养不良的影响，以及其在农村地区与城市地区的普遍程度，对这些国家社区居住的老年人的营养、功能和心理健康状况的影响，人们知之甚少。因此，进行了一项横断面研究，以确定日惹市农村和城市社区居民的社会人口统计学和人体测量特征、营养、心理和功能状况以及能量和营养素摄入情况。如果老年人在日惹居住了一年以上，年龄≥65 岁（=527；平均年龄为 74 ± 7 岁），则将其纳入研究。与城市参与者相比，农村参与者的教育和收入水平较低，住院次数较多，膳食蛋白质摄入量较少，认知功能较差，营养状况和握力较差，但步态速度较快，日常活动依赖他人帮助的程度较高（均<0.05）。认知功能与身体功能的相关性强于营养状况。与城市老年人相比，居住在日惹的农村老年人更有可能营养不良和认知障碍，并且功能能力和独立性下降。因此，改善认知功能和营养状况的策略对于印度尼西亚公民的健康非常重要。
