Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China.
Guangdong ERA Food & Life Health Research Institute, Guangzhou 510670, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 11;21(4):1175. doi: 10.3390/ijms21041175.
The phenolic profiles, hypoglycemic activity, and molecular mechanism of the effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of four highland barley varieties were investigated in the present study. The fundamental phenolics in highland barley were ferulic acid, naringin, and catechin, which mainly existed in bound form. These varieties showed favorable hypoglycemic activity via inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, enhancement of glucose consumption, glycogen accumulation and glycogen synthase 2 (GYS2) activity, and down-regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities. Specifically, ZQ320 variety exhibited the strongest hypoglycemic activity compared to the other varieties. Highland barley phenolics could inhibit gluconeogenesis and motivate glycogen synthesis via down-regulating the gene expression of G6Pase, PEPCK, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), while activating the expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), serine/threonine kinase (Akt), GYS2, and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). Therefore, phenolics from highland barley could be served as suitable candidates for therapeutic agent in T2DM to improve human health.
本研究旨在探讨四种青稞品种的酚类物质组成、降血糖活性及其对 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的作用机制。青稞中的基础酚类物质为阿魏酸、柚皮苷和儿茶素，主要以结合态形式存在。这些品种通过抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶活性、增强葡萄糖消耗、糖原积累和糖原合酶 2（GYS2）活性，以及下调葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶（G6Pase）和磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶（PEPCK）活性，表现出良好的降血糖活性。具体来说，ZQ320 品种的降血糖活性比其他品种更强。青稞酚类物质可以通过下调 G6Pase、PEPCK 和糖原合酶激酶 3β（GSK3β）的基因表达，同时激活胰岛素受体底物-1（IRS-1）、磷脂酰肌醇 3 激酶（PI3K）、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶（Akt）、GYS2 和葡萄糖转运体 4（GLUT4）的表达，抑制糖异生和促进糖原合成，从而发挥降血糖作用。因此，青稞中的酚类物质可以作为治疗 T2DM 的候选药物，以改善人类健康。
