Shnaiderman-Torban Anat, Navon-Venezia Shiri, Dor Ziv, Paitan Yossi, Arielly Haia, Ahmad Wiessam Abu, Kelmer Gal, Fulde Marcus, Steinman Amir
Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Feb 11;10(2):282. doi: 10.3390/ani10020282.
We aimed to investigate the prevalence, molecular characteristics and risk factors of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing (ESBL-E) shedding in horses. A prospective study included three cohorts: (i) farm horses (13 farms, n = 192); (ii) on hospital admission (n = 168) and; (iii) horses hospitalized for ≥72 h re-sampled from cohort (ii) (n = 86). Enriched rectal swabs were plated, ESBL-production was confirmed (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)) and genes were identified (polymerase chain reaction (PCR)). Identification and antibiotic susceptibility were determined (Vitek-2). Medical records and owners' questionnaires were analyzed. Shedding rates increased from 19.6% (n = 33/168) on admission to 77.9% (n = 67/86) during hospitalization ( < 0.0001, odds ratio (OR) = 12.12). Shedding rate in farms was 20.8% (n = 40/192), significantly lower compared to hospitalized horses ( < 0.0001). The main ESBL-E species (n = 192 isolates) were (59.9%, 115/192), sp. (17.7%, 34/192) and (13.0%, 25/192). The main gene group was CTX-M-1 (56.8%). A significant increase in resistance rates to chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim-sulpha was identified during hospitalization. Risk factors for shedding in farms included breed (Arabian, OR = 3.9), sex (stallion, OR = 3.4), and antibiotic treatment (OR = 9.8). Older age was identified as a protective factor (OR = 0.88). We demonstrated an ESBL-E reservoir in equine cohorts, with a significant ESBL-E acquisition, which increases the necessity to implement active surveillance and antibiotic stewardship programs.
我们旨在调查马体内产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）（ESBL-E）的流行情况、分子特征及风险因素。一项前瞻性研究纳入了三个队列：（i）农场马匹（13个农场，n = 192）；（ii）入院时（n = 168）以及；（iii）从队列（ii）中重新采样的住院≥72小时的马匹（n = 86）。对富集的直肠拭子进行接种培养，确认ESBL的产生（依据临床和实验室标准协会（CLSI）标准）并鉴定基因（采用聚合酶链反应（PCR））。进行鉴定及抗生素敏感性检测（使用Vitek-2）。分析病历及主人问卷。ESBL-E的携带率从入院时的19.6%（n = 33/168）增加至住院期间的77.9%（n = 67/86）（P < 0.0001，优势比（OR） = 12.12）。农场中的携带率为20.8%（n = 40/192），与住院马匹相比显著更低（P < 0.0001）。主要的ESBL-E菌种（n = 192株分离菌）为大肠埃希菌（59.9%，115/192）、肺炎克雷伯菌（17.7%，34/192）和阴沟肠杆菌（13.0%，25/192）。主要的基因群为CTX-M-1（56.8%）。住院期间发现对氯霉素、恩诺沙星、庆大霉素、呋喃妥因和甲氧苄啶-磺胺的耐药率显著增加。农场中ESBL-E携带的风险因素包括品种（阿拉伯马，OR = 3.9）、性别（种马，OR = 3.4）以及抗生素治疗（OR = 9.8）。年龄较大被确定为一个保护因素（OR = 0.88）。我们证明了马群中存在ESBL-E储存库，且有显著的ESBL-E获得情况，这增加了实施主动监测和抗生素管理计划的必要性。
