Mantzari Eleni, Galloway Catherine, Hollands Gareth, Pechey Rachel, Zupan Zorana, Pilling Mark, Marteau Theresa
Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR UK.
Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2020 Feb 11;6:19. doi: 10.1186/s40814-020-00566-5. eCollection 2020.
Reducing alcohol consumption across populations would prevent many non-communicable diseases. Large packages increase food and non-alcoholic drink consumption and large glasses increase wine consumption. Smaller bottles may reduce alcohol consumption but their impact is uncertain. This study aims to (i) explore the feasibility and acceptability of conducting a large-scale randomised study to assess the impact of bottle size on in-home wine consumption and (ii) estimate the effect size and variance of the intervention on consumption to inform the design of future studies.
Cross-over randomised study in which 16 households in Cambridge, England, consuming at least two 750-ml bottles of wine each week, received a pre-set volume of wine biweekly for 4 weeks, in 750-ml and 375-ml bottles, in random order. Consumption was assessed by recording the number of empty and partially full bottles at the end of each biweekly period. At the end of the study, household representatives were interviewed about their experiences of participating in the study.
The study procedures proved feasible. Comparable to similar trials, 14% of identified eligible households (18/125) consented to participate in the study. Attrition between consent and study completion was 11% (2/18) and 0% between study periods and 13% of households (2/16) correctly identified the study aim. The study procedures were considered acceptable. After adjusting for guest and out-of-home consumption, the difference in consumption between the 750-ml (3385.2 ml; SD = 1698.5) and 375-ml bottles (3376.7 ml; SD = 1719.0) was 8.4 ml (SD = 1235.4; 95%CI - 596.9, 613.8). Results suggest a possible order effect, with households receiving the 375-ml bottles first consuming more wine out of the 750-ml bottles and vice versa. This might also reflect an increase in consumption with study duration. Households receiving the 375-ml bottles first (6315.9 ml; SD = 3293.5) also drank less wine overall than those receiving the 750-ml bottles first (7335.4 ml; SD = 3735.4).
The findings support the feasibility and acceptability of running a large-scale randomised study to assess the impact of bottle size on in-home wine consumption. Due to the heterogeneous patterning of results, a future study will be powered using the variance observed in the current study to detect a meaningful reduction of 250 ml of wine when consumed from smaller compared with larger bottles.
Open Science Framework (OSF): rmk43; May 23, 2017.
减少人群中的酒精消费可预防多种非传染性疾病。大包装会增加食品和非酒精饮料的消费，大酒杯会增加葡萄酒的消费。较小的瓶子可能会减少酒精消费，但其影响尚不确定。本研究旨在：（i）探讨开展一项大规模随机研究以评估瓶子大小对家庭葡萄酒消费影响的可行性和可接受性；（ii）估计干预措施对消费的效应大小和方差，为未来研究的设计提供信息。
采用交叉随机研究，英国剑桥的16户家庭，每周至少消费两瓶750毫升葡萄酒，每两周按随机顺序分别收到750毫升和375毫升装的预设量葡萄酒，为期4周。通过记录每两周结束时空瓶和半空瓶的数量来评估消费量。研究结束时，对家庭代表就其参与研究的经历进行了访谈。
研究程序证明是可行的。与类似试验相当，确定的符合条件的家庭中有14%（18/125）同意参与研究。从同意参与到研究完成的损耗率为11%（2/18），研究期间之间的损耗率为0%，13%的家庭（2/16）正确识别了研究目的。研究程序被认为是可接受的。在对访客和外出消费进行调整后，750毫升装（3385.2毫升；标准差=1698.5）和375毫升装（3376.7毫升；标准差=1719.0）之间的消费量差异为8.4毫升（标准差=1235.4；95%置信区间-596.9，613.8）。结果表明可能存在顺序效应，即先收到375毫升装瓶子的家庭从750毫升装瓶子中消费的葡萄酒更多，反之亦然。这也可能反映出随着研究持续时间消费量的增加。先收到375毫升装瓶子的家庭（6315.9毫升；标准差=3293.5）总体饮酒量也低于先收到750毫升装瓶子的家庭（7335.4毫升；标准差=3735.4）。
研究结果支持开展一项大规模随机研究以评估瓶子大小对家庭葡萄酒消费影响的可行性和可接受性。由于结果模式的异质性，未来的研究将利用本研究中观察到的方差进行设计，以检测与大瓶装相比，小瓶装葡萄酒消费量有意义地减少250毫升的情况。
开放科学框架（OSF）：rmk43；2017年5月23日。
