Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Appetite. 2018 Jan 1;120:171-180. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.08.031. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption increases obesity risk and is linked to adverse health consequences. Large packages increase food consumption, but most evidence comes from studies comparing larger with standard packages, resulting in uncertainty regarding the impact of smaller packages. There is also little research on beverages. This qualitative study explores the experiences of consuming cola from smaller compared with larger bottles, to inform intervention strategies. Sixteen households in Cambridge, England, participating in a feasibility study assessing the impact of bottle size on in-home SSB consumption, received a set amount of cola each week for four weeks in one of four bottle sizes: 1500 ml, 1000 ml, 500 ml, or 250 ml, in random order. At the study end, household representatives were interviewed about their experiences of using each bottle, including perceptions of i) consumption level; ii) consumption-related behaviours; and iii) factors affecting consumption. Interviews were semi-structured and data analysed using the Framework approach. The present analysis focuses specifically on experiences relating to use of the smaller bottles. The smallest bottles were described as increasing drinking occasion frequency and encouraging consumption of numerous bottles in succession. Factors described as facilitating their consumption were: i) convenience and portability; ii) greater numbers of bottles available, which hindered consumption monitoring and control; iii) perceived insufficient quantity per bottle; and iv) positive attitudes. In a minority of cases the smallest bottles were perceived to have reduced consumption, but this was related to practical issues with the bottles that resulted in dislike. The perception of greater consumption and qualitative reports of drinking habits associated with the smallest bottles raise the possibility that the 'portion size effect' has a lower threshold, beyond which smaller portions and packages may increase consumption. This reinforces the need for empirical evidence to assess the in-home impact of smaller bottles on SSB consumption.
含糖饮料（SSB）的摄入会增加肥胖风险，并与不良健康后果有关。大包装会增加食物摄入量，但大多数证据来自于比较大包装和标准包装的研究，因此对于小包装的影响存在不确定性。关于饮料的研究也很少。本定性研究通过比较小瓶和大瓶可乐的消费体验，探索了更小包装对 SSB 摄入的影响，为干预策略提供信息。在英国剑桥参与评估瓶身大小对家庭 SSB 消费影响的一项可行性研究的 16 户家庭，在四周内每周收到四种瓶身大小（1500 毫升、1000 毫升、500 毫升或 250 毫升）的可乐各一份，随机分配。在研究结束时，对家庭代表进行了关于他们使用每种瓶子的经验的访谈，包括对以下方面的看法：i）消费水平；ii）与消费相关的行为；和 iii）影响消费的因素。访谈采用半结构化方式进行，使用框架方法进行数据分析。本分析特别关注与使用小瓶相关的经验。最小的瓶子被描述为增加了饮酒次数，并鼓励连续饮用多瓶。促进其消费的因素包括：i）方便和便携性；ii）有更多的瓶子可供选择，这阻碍了对消费的监控和控制；iii）每瓶的容量感知不足；以及 iv）积极的态度。在少数情况下，最小的瓶子被认为会减少消费，但这与瓶子的实际问题有关，这些问题导致人们不喜欢这些瓶子。对更大消费的看法以及与最小瓶子相关的饮用习惯的定性报告，增加了“份量大小效应”的可能性，即较小的份量和包装可能会增加消费，而且这种效应的门槛可能更低。这进一步强调了需要有实证证据来评估更小瓶子对 SSB 消费的家庭影响。
