Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2129:7-18. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0377-2_2.
Histological assessment of esophageal squamous malignancies is crucial for management of patients with the cancer as well as working in research on the cancer. The squamous malignancies in the esophagus comprise squamous dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Current classification of squamous dysplasia in the esophagus is to divide it into low grade and high grade. Most of the esophageal squamous cell carcinomas are of conventional type and divided into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated. The variants of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma include basaloid squamous carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, and verrucous carcinoma. Preoperative chemoradiation is used commonly in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and induces changes in morphology. Tumor regression grading systems based on the percentage of the remaining carcinoma cells are used to assess the response to the neoadjuvant therapy in the cancer. Additional histological parameters including lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, clearance of resection margins, and carcinoma in the nodal and distant metastatic sites provide essential information for the management of the patient with the cancer.
食管鳞癌的组织学评估对于癌症患者的管理以及癌症研究工作至关重要。食管中的鳞状恶性肿瘤包括鳞状上皮不典型增生和鳞状细胞癌。目前食管鳞状上皮不典型增生的分类是将其分为低级别和高级别。大多数食管鳞状细胞癌为普通型，分为高分化、中分化和低分化。食管鳞状细胞癌的变异型包括基底样鳞状细胞癌、梭形细胞癌和疣状癌。术前放化疗常用于治疗食管鳞状细胞癌，并诱导形态学改变。基于残留癌细胞百分比的肿瘤退缩分级系统用于评估癌症新辅助治疗的反应。其他组织学参数，包括淋巴血管侵犯、神经周围侵犯、切缘清除情况以及淋巴结和远处转移部位的癌，为癌症患者的管理提供了重要信息。
