Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia.
Institute of Automation and Control Processes (IAPU) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia.
Biosensors (Basel). 2020 Feb 12;10(2):11. doi: 10.3390/bios10020011.
Infections pose a serious global public health problem and are a major cause of premature mortality worldwide. One of the most challenging objectives faced by modern medicine is timely and accurate laboratory-based diagnostics of infectious diseases. Being a key factor of timely initiation and success of treatment, it may potentially provide reduction in incidence of a disease, as well as prevent outbreak and spread of dangerous epidemics. The traditional methods of laboratory-based diagnostics of infectious diseases are quite time- and labor-consuming, require expensive equipment and qualified personnel, which restricts their use in case of limited resources. Over the past six decades, diagnostic technologies based on lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) have been and remain true alternatives to modern laboratory analyzers and have been successfully used to quickly detect molecular ligands in biosubstrates to diagnose many infectious diseases and septic conditions. These devices are considered as simplified formats of modern biosensors. Recent advances in the development of label-free biosensor technologies have made them promising diagnostic tools that combine rapid pathogen indication, simplicity, user-friendliness, operational efficiency, accuracy, and cost effectiveness, with a trend towards creation of portable platforms. These qualities exceed the generally accepted standards of microbiological and immunological diagnostics and open up a broad range of applications of these analytical systems in clinical practice immediately at the site of medical care (point-of-care concept, POC). A great variety of modern nanoarchitectonics of biosensors are based on the use of a broad range of analytical and constructive strategies and identification of various regulatory and functional molecular markers associated with infectious bacterial pathogens. Resolution of the existing biosensing issues will provide rapid development of diagnostic biotechnologies.
感染是一个严重的全球公共卫生问题，也是全球范围内导致过早死亡的主要原因之一。现代医学面临的最具挑战性的目标之一是及时、准确地进行基于实验室的传染病诊断。作为及时开始和成功治疗的关键因素，它可能潜在地降低疾病的发病率，预防危险传染病的爆发和传播。基于实验室的传染病诊断的传统方法非常耗时耗力，需要昂贵的设备和合格的人员，这限制了它们在资源有限的情况下的使用。在过去的六十年中，基于横向流动免疫分析（LFIA）的诊断技术一直是并且仍然是现代实验室分析仪的真正替代品，并已成功用于快速检测生物基质中的分子配体，以诊断许多传染病和败血症。这些设备被认为是现代生物传感器的简化形式。无标记生物传感器技术的最新进展使其成为有前途的诊断工具，它们结合了快速病原体指示、简单性、用户友好性、操作效率、准确性和成本效益，并且朝着创建便携式平台的趋势发展。这些特性超过了微生物学和免疫学诊断的普遍接受标准，并立即在医疗保健现场（即时护理概念，POC）为这些分析系统在临床实践中的广泛应用开辟了广阔的前景。现代生物传感器的各种纳米结构基于广泛使用的分析和构造策略，并鉴定与感染性细菌病原体相关的各种调节和功能分子标记。解决现有的生物传感问题将为诊断生物技术的快速发展提供条件。
