NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, 3rd Milestone, Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India.
Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560065, India.
Biosensors (Basel). 2022 May 20;12(5):357. doi: 10.3390/bios12050357.
Better diagnostics are always essential for the treatment and prevention of a disease. Existing technologies for detecting infectious and non-infectious diseases are mostly tedious, expensive, and do not meet the World Health Organization's (WHO) ASSURED (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, and deliverable to end user) criteria. Hence, more accurate, sensitive, and faster diagnostic technologies that meet the ASSURED criteria are highly required for timely and evidenced-based treatment. Presently, the diagnostics industry is finding interest in microfluidics-based biosensors, as this integration comprises all qualities, such as reduction in the size of the equipment, rapid turnaround time, possibility of parallel multiple analysis or multiplexing, etc. Microfluidics deal with the manipulation/analysis of fluid within micrometer-sized channels. Biosensors comprise biomolecules immobilized on a physicochemical transducer for the detection of a specific analyte. In this review article, we provide an outline of the history of microfluidics, current practices in the selection of materials in microfluidics, and how and where microfluidics-based biosensors have been used for the diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Our inclination in this review article is toward the employment of microfluidics-based biosensors for the improvement of already existing/traditional methods in order to reduce efforts without compromising the accuracy of the diagnostic test. This article also suggests the possible improvements required in microfluidic chip-based biosensors in order to meet the ASSURED criteria.
更好的诊断对于疾病的治疗和预防总是至关重要的。现有的用于检测传染病和非传染病的技术大多繁琐、昂贵，不符合世界卫生组织（WHO）的 ASSURED（负担得起、敏感、特异、用户友好、快速、稳健、无设备、可交付给最终用户）标准。因此，更准确、敏感和快速的诊断技术，符合 ASSURED 标准，对于及时和基于证据的治疗非常需要。目前，诊断行业对基于微流控的生物传感器产生了兴趣，因为这种集成包含了所有的优点，如设备尺寸的缩小、快速周转时间、平行进行多个分析或多重分析的可能性等。微流控涉及到在微米级通道内对流体的操纵/分析。生物传感器由固定在物理化学换能器上的生物分子组成，用于检测特定的分析物。在这篇综述文章中，我们提供了微流控的历史概述，目前在微流控中选择材料的实践，以及基于微流控的生物传感器如何以及在何处用于传染病和非传染病的诊断。我们在这篇综述文章中的倾向是将基于微流控的生物传感器应用于改进现有的/传统方法，在不影响诊断测试准确性的前提下，减少工作量。本文还提出了基于微流控芯片的生物传感器需要改进的可能，以满足 ASSURED 标准。
