Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2017 Nov 3;17(11):2533. doi: 10.3390/s17112533.
Rapid and reliable diagnosis of infectious diseases caused by pathogens, and timely initiation of appropriate treatment are critical determinants to promote optimal clinical outcomes and general public health. Conventional in vitro diagnostics for infectious diseases are time-consuming and require centralized laboratories, experienced personnel and bulky equipment. Recent advances in electrochemical affinity biosensors have demonstrated to surpass conventional standards in regards to time, simplicity, accuracy and cost in this field. The tremendous potential offered by electrochemical affinity biosensors to detect on-site infectious pathogens at clinically relevant levels in scarcely treated body fluids is clearly stated in this review. The development and application of selected examples using different specific receptors, assay formats and electrochemical approaches focusing on the determination of specific circulating biomarkers of different molecular (genetic, regulatory and functional) levels associated with bacterial and viral pathogens are critically discussed. Existing challenges still to be addressed and future directions in this rapidly advancing and highly interesting field are also briefly pointed out.
快速、准确地诊断病原体引起的传染病，并及时采取适当的治疗措施，是改善临床预后和促进公众健康的关键决定因素。传统的传染病体外诊断方法耗时耗力，需要在集中的实验室中由经验丰富的人员使用大型设备进行操作。近年来，电化学亲和生物传感器的发展在时间、简便性、准确性和成本等方面已经超越了传统方法，在传染病诊断领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了电化学亲和生物传感器在临床相关水平的未处理体液中现场检测传染性病原体方面的巨大潜力，重点讨论了使用不同特异性受体、分析方法和电化学方法的特定示例的开发和应用，这些方法主要用于检测与细菌和病毒病原体相关的不同分子（遗传、调控和功能）水平的特定循环生物标志物。此外，还简要指出了该领域目前面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。
