Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-University of Seville-University Pablo de Olavide, Avda, Américo Vespucio, 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
Genes (Basel). 2020 Feb 12;11(2):195. doi: 10.3390/genes11020195.
In order to preserve genome integrity and their ploidy, cells must ensure that the duplicated genome has been faithfully replicated and evenly distributed before they complete their division by mitosis. To this end, cells have developed highly elaborated checkpoints that halt mitotic progression when problems in DNA integrity or chromosome segregation arise, providing them with time to fix these issues before advancing further into the cell cycle. Remarkably, exit from mitosis constitutes a key cell cycle transition that is targeted by the main mitotic checkpoints, despite these surveillance mechanisms being activated by specific intracellular signals and acting at different stages of cell division. Focusing primarily on research carried out using as a model organism, the aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the molecular mechanisms by which the major cell cycle checkpoints control mitotic exit and to highlight the importance of the proper regulation of this process for the maintenance of genome stability during the distribution of the duplicated chromosomes between the dividing cells.
为了保持基因组的完整性和染色体的倍性，细胞在通过有丝分裂完成分裂之前，必须确保已准确复制和均匀分布复制后的基因组。为此，细胞已经开发出了高度复杂的检查点，当 DNA 完整性或染色体分离出现问题时，这些检查点会阻止有丝分裂的进行，从而为细胞提供时间在进一步进入细胞周期之前解决这些问题。值得注意的是，有丝分裂的退出是一个关键的细胞周期转变，主要的有丝分裂检查点针对这个转变，尽管这些监测机制是由特定的细胞内信号激活的，并在细胞分裂的不同阶段发挥作用。本综述主要集中在以 为模式生物开展的研究，旨在提供一个全面的概述，介绍主要的细胞周期检查点控制有丝分裂退出的分子机制，并强调适当调节这个过程对于在细胞分裂过程中复制的染色体在分裂细胞之间的分布过程中保持基因组稳定性的重要性。
