Liguori Carli A, Nikolaus Cassandra J, Nickols-Richardson Sharon M
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
J Nutr. 2020 May 1;150(5):1324-1329. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa022.
Environmental distractions have been shown to affect eating patterns.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a cognitive distraction on amount, preference, and memory of food consumed and perceptions of fullness, hunger, and enjoyment of food in a healthy young-adult population.
A randomized controlled crossover study of 119 healthy adults (20.2 ± 1.4 y; 57% women; 48% white) assigned participants to begin under either the distracted (DIS, n = 55) or control (CON, n = 64) conditions. DIS participants consumed a meal of quiche while completing a Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP) for 15 min. CON participants ate without any task assignment. After a 30-min rest period, participants were offered a snack and given 5 min to eat ad libitum. Participants completed a survey assessing fullness, hunger, and enjoyment of the meal using 100 mm visual analogue scales. One week later, participants completed the opposite condition. Data were analyzed using ANOVA.
Those in DIS consumed 13 g less of the meal (P < 0.001), even when comparing by initial condition (P < 0.001) and adjusting for sex (P < 0.001). A carryover effect of initial condition was found (P < 0.001), such that participants first assigned to DIS condition consumed less (95.2 ± 61.7 g) when distracted compared to all other condition combinations (127-133 g). Those in DIS had decreased accuracy for both memory of quiche received (absolute difference, 1.1 ± 1.6 compared with 0.7 ± 1.2 for CON, P < 0.001) and memory of quiche consumed (0.8 ± 1.1 for DIS compared with 0.7 ± 1.2 for CON, P = 0.007).
When distracted, healthy young adults consumed significantly less food and their memory of the meal was dampened. These findings underscore the potential importance of cognitive distraction in affecting food intake. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04078607.
环境干扰已被证明会影响饮食模式。
本研究旨在确定认知干扰对健康年轻成年人群食物摄入量、偏好、记忆以及饱腹感、饥饿感和食物享受感认知的影响。
一项针对119名健康成年人（20.2±1.4岁；57%为女性；48%为白人）的随机对照交叉研究，将参与者分为在分心（DIS，n = 55）或对照（CON，n = 64）条件下开始实验。DIS组参与者在完成15分钟快速视觉信息处理（RVIP）任务的同时食用乳蛋饼餐。CON组参与者在没有任何任务的情况下进食。经过30分钟的休息期后，为参与者提供一份零食，并给予5分钟自由进食时间。参与者使用100毫米视觉模拟量表完成一项评估饱腹感、饥饿感和用餐享受感的调查。一周后，参与者完成相反的条件。数据采用方差分析进行分析。
DIS组参与者用餐时少摄入13克食物（P < 0.001），即使按初始条件比较（P < 0.001）并对性别进行调整后也是如此（P < 0.001）。发现初始条件存在遗留效应（P < 0.001），即首次被分配到DIS条件的参与者在分心时摄入量较少（95.2±61.7克），与所有其他条件组合（127 - 133克）相比。DIS组参与者对所接受乳蛋饼的记忆准确性（绝对差异，1.1±1.6，而CON组为0.7±1.2，P < 0.001）和食用乳蛋饼的记忆准确性（DIS组为0.8±1.1，CON组为0.7±1.2，P = 0.007）均降低。
分心时，健康的年轻成年人食物摄入量显著减少，且他们对餐食的记忆受到影响。这些发现强调了认知干扰在影响食物摄入方面的潜在重要性。本试验已在clinicaltrials.gov上注册，注册号为NCT04078607。
