Bachmann P, Bramwell R N, Fraser S J, Gilmore D A, Johnston D H, Lawson K F, MacInnes C D, Matejka F O, Miles H E, Pedde M A
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Wildlife Research Section, Maple, Canada.
J Wildl Dis. 1990 Oct;26(4):486-501. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-26.4.486.
A series of experiments are described on the acceptance, by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and other species, of two types of vaccine-baits intended to deliver liquid rabies vaccine. The baits consisted of a cube of sponge coated in a mixture of tallow and wax, or a plastic blister-pack embedded in tallow. All baits contained tetracycline as a biological marking agent: examination of thin sections of carnivore canines under an ultraviolet microscope revealed a fluorescent line of tetracycline if an individual had eaten baits. Baits were dropped from fixed-wing aircraft flying about 100 m above ground at approximately 130 km/h. Flight lines followed the edges of woodlots midway between parallel roads. Baits were dropped at one/sec, resulting in one bait/36 m on the ground, or 17 to 25 baits per km2. Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) removed many baits, but did not appear to lower the percent of the fox population which took bait. Dropping baits only into corn and woodland to conceal baits, to reduce depredation by crows, reduced acceptance by foxes. Acceptance by foxes ranged between 37 and 68%. Meat added as an attractant did not raise acceptance. Presence, absence, color and perforations of plastic bags did not alter bait acceptance. Dispersal by juvenile foxes probably lowered the estimates of bait acceptance. It took 7 to 17 days for 80% (n = 330) of foxes to eat their first bait. The rapidity with which foxes picked up their first bait appeared more affected by unknown characteristics of years or study areas than by experimental variables. Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) also ate these baits, but acceptance was lower. Small mammals contacted baits, but rarely contacted the vaccine, which had the potential for vaccine-induced rabies in some species. Aerial distribution of baits was more cost-effective than ground distribution as practiced in Europe. This system has potential for field control of rabies, although higher acceptance will be desirable.
描述了一系列关于赤狐（赤狐属）和其他物种对两种旨在递送液体狂犬病疫苗的疫苗诱饵的接受情况的实验。诱饵由涂有牛脂和蜡混合物的海绵立方体或嵌入牛脂中的塑料泡罩包装组成。所有诱饵都含有四环素作为生物标记剂：如果个体食用了诱饵，在紫外显微镜下检查食肉动物犬齿的薄片会发现一条四环素荧光线。诱饵从固定翼飞机上以约130公里/小时的速度在离地面约100米的高度投放。航线沿着平行道路中间的林地边缘。诱饵每秒投放一个，在地面上每36米有一个诱饵，或每平方公里17至25个诱饵。乌鸦（短嘴鸦）拿走了许多诱饵，但似乎并没有降低食用诱饵的狐狸种群比例。仅在玉米地和林地投放诱饵以隐藏诱饵、减少乌鸦的掠夺行为，降低了狐狸的接受度。狐狸的接受度在37%至68%之间。添加肉类作为引诱剂并没有提高接受度。塑料袋的存在、不存在、颜色和穿孔并没有改变诱饵的接受度。幼年狐狸的分散可能降低了诱饵接受度的估计值。80%（n = 330）的狐狸花了7至17天吃它们的第一个诱饵。狐狸捡起第一个诱饵的速度似乎更多地受到年份或研究区域的未知特征影响，而不是实验变量。臭鼬（臭鼬属）和浣熊（浣熊属）也吃这些诱饵，但接受度较低。小型哺乳动物接触了诱饵，但很少接触到疫苗，而疫苗在某些物种中有可能引发疫苗诱导的狂犬病。与欧洲采用的地面投放相比，空中投放诱饵更具成本效益。尽管需要更高的接受度，但该系统在狂犬病的现场控制方面具有潜力。
