[Exercise and cancer: Evidence of efficacy during and after treatments].

After a brief semantic and historical presentation, the article presents the main trials and systematic reviews on the tertiary prevention and care of cancers through physical activity. It gives the keys to understanding how, in forty years of research, interventions dedicated to prevent physical inactivity to reduce the risk of cancer have become as indispensable as adapted physical activity (APA) programs for care pathways. If the public health message "move more" with or without cancer remains true, the research encourages practitioners to implement personalized programs in primary prevention, in addition to treatment and prevention of recurrence. As soon as the diagnosis is made, APA programs will become truly supportive care complementary of treatments, in other words non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs), with the aim of improving the quality of life of patients, improving their overall health, reducing side effects of treatment, potentiate the effects of certain treatments, and reduce the risk of recurrence. Research remains to be carried out notably on the survival, on the advanced cancers and on the integrative modelling of the mechanisms involved.