Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, Granada, Spain.
Obstetrics and Gynecology Service. Hospital of Guadix, Granada, Spain.
Environ Res. 2020 Apr;183:109228. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109228. Epub 2020 Feb 7.
To evaluate concentrations of parabens (PBs) and benzophenones (BzPs) in menstrual blood and explore related sociodemographic/lifestyle factors, and to compare between menstrual and peripheral blood concentrations in a subset of samples.
Concentrations of 4 PBs [methyl- (MeP), ethyl- (EtP), propyl- (PrP) and butyl-paraben (BuP)] and 6 BzPs [BzP-1, BzP-2, BzP-3, BzP-6, BzP-8 and 4-OH-BzP] were determined in menstrual blood from 57 women and in both menstrual and peripheral blood samples from 12 women, all healthy Spanish women of reproductive age. Socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits [diet and use of cosmetics and personal care products (PCPs)] were gathered using an online questionnaire. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between menstrual and peripheral blood concentrations, while multivariable linear regression was used to identify potential explanatory variables for menstrual PB and BzP concentrations.
Globally, all menstrual blood samples had detectable levels of ≥3 compounds, and 52.6% of the samples contained ≥6 compounds. MeP, PrP, and BzP-3 were the most frequently detected compounds (detection frequencies >90.0%), with median concentrations of 1.41, 0.63, and 1.70 ng/mL of menstrual blood, respectively. Age, the use of PCPs, and consumption of some food items (meat, pasta, cheese, or dairy products) were related to the menstrual blood concentrations of some PBs/BzPs. Serum:menstrual blood ratios of PBs/BzPs ranged from 1.7 to 3.6, with no inter-matrix correlations.
This study reveals, to our knowledge for the first time, the widespread presence of several PBs and BzPs in intimate contact with gynecological tissues, although their concentrations in menstrual blood were not correlated with those in peripheral blood from the same women. These results shed light on the information provided by the menstrual blood as a potential matrix for characterizing exposure to PBs and BzPs, whose consequences for women's reproductive health need to be addressed.
评估经血中对羟基苯甲酸酯（PBs）和二苯甲酮（BzPs）的浓度，并探讨相关的社会人口学/生活方式因素，同时在一部分样本中比较经血量和外周血中的浓度。
测定了 57 名健康西班牙育龄期女性的经血中 4 种 PBs[甲基-（MeP）、乙基-（EtP）、丙基-（PrP）和丁基-（BuP）]和 6 种 BzPs[BzP-1、BzP-2、BzP-3、BzP-6、BzP-8 和 4-羟基-BzP]的浓度，并对 12 名女性的经血量和外周血量样本进行了测定。使用在线问卷收集了社会人口统计学特征和生活方式习惯[饮食以及化妆品和个人护理产品（PCPs）的使用]。采用 Spearman 相关分析来检验经血量和外周血量之间的关系，而多元线性回归则用于识别与经血中 PB 和 BzP 浓度相关的潜在解释变量。
总体而言，所有的经血样本均检测到了至少 3 种化合物，且 52.6%的样本中至少检测到 6 种化合物。MeP、PrP 和 BzP-3 是最常被检测到的化合物（检出率>90.0%），其经血中的浓度中位数分别为 1.41、0.63 和 1.70ng/mL。年龄、PCPs 的使用以及某些食物（肉、意大利面、奶酪或乳制品）的摄入与某些 PB/BzP 类物质在经血量中的浓度有关。PB/BzP 类物质在血清和经血量中的比值范围为 1.7 至 3.6，各基质间无相关性。
本研究首次揭示了几种 PBs 和 BzPs 广泛存在于与妇科组织密切接触的环境中，尽管它们在经血量中的浓度与来自同一女性的外周血中的浓度没有相关性。这些结果为经血作为评估 PBs 和 BzPs 暴露的潜在基质提供了信息，而其对女性生殖健康的影响仍需进一步研究。
