Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012, Granada, Spain.
Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012, Granada, Spain; Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, 'San Cecilio' University Hospital, E-18016, Granada, Spain.
Environ Res. 2021 May;196:110342. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110342. Epub 2020 Oct 16.
To explore the relationship of urinary concentrations of different congeners of benzophenones and parabens with the utilization of cosmetics and personal care products (PCPs) and their impact on the risk of endometriosis, and to evaluate the influence of oxidative stress on associations found.
This case-control study comprised a subsample of 124 women (35 cases; 89 controls). Endometriosis was confirmed (cases) or ruled out (controls) by laparoscopy, with visual inspection of the pelvis and biopsy of suspected lesions (histological diagnosis). Urinary concentrations of benzophenone-1 (BP-1), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 4-hydroxibenzophenone (4-OH-BP), methyl- (MeP), ethyl- (EtP), propyl- (PrP), and butyl-paraben (BuP), and biomarkers of oxidative stress [lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and total antioxidant power (TAP)] were quantified. Information was gathered on the frequency of use of cosmetics and PCPs. Associations between the frequency of cosmetics/PCP use, urinary concentrations of benzophenones and parabens, oxidative stress, and endometriosis risk were explored in logistic and linear multivariable regression analyses.
The frequency of utilization of certain cosmetics and PCPs was significantly associated with urinary concentrations of benzophenones and parabens. After adjustment for potential confounders, the risk of endometriosis was increased in women in the second versus first terciles of MeP (OR = 5.63; p-value<0.001), BP-1 (OR = 5.12; p-value = 0.011), BP-3 (OR = 4.98; p-value = 0.008), and ƩBPs (OR = 3.34; p-value = 0.032). A close-to-significant relationship was observed between TBARS concentrations and increased endometriosis risk (OR = 1.60, p-value = 0.070) and an inverse association between TAP concentrations and this risk (OR = 0.15; p-value = 0.048). Oxidative stress results did not modify associations observed between benzophenone/paraben exposure and endometriosis risk.
Our findings indicate that the frequency of cosmetics and PCP utilization is a strong predictor of exposure to certain benzophenone and paraben congeners. These compounds may increase the risk of endometriosis in an oxidative stress-independent manner. Further studies are warranted to corroborate these findings.
探讨不同种类的苯并酮和对羟基苯甲酸酯在尿液中的浓度与化妆品和个人护理产品（PCPs）的使用之间的关系及其对子宫内膜异位症风险的影响，并评估氧化应激对所发现关联的影响。
本病例对照研究包括 124 名女性（35 例病例；89 名对照）的一个亚样本。通过腹腔镜检查、盆腔肉眼检查和可疑病变活检（组织学诊断）来确认（病例）或排除（对照）子宫内膜异位症。定量检测尿液中苯并酮-1（BP-1）、苯并酮-3（BP-3）、4-羟基苯并酮（4-OH-BP）、甲基-（MeP）、乙基-（EtP）、丙基-（PrP）和丁基-对羟基苯甲酸酯（BuP）以及氧化应激生物标志物[脂质过氧化（TBARS）和总抗氧化能力（TAP）]的浓度。收集了化妆品和 PCP 使用频率的信息。在逻辑和线性多变量回归分析中，探讨了化妆品/PCP 使用频率、尿液中苯并酮和对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度、氧化应激与子宫内膜异位症风险之间的关联。
某些化妆品和 PCP 的使用频率与苯并酮和对羟基苯甲酸酯在尿液中的浓度显著相关。在调整了潜在混杂因素后，MeP（OR=5.63；p 值<0.001）、BP-1（OR=5.12；p 值=0.011）、BP-3（OR=4.98；p 值=0.008）和ΣBPs（OR=3.34；p 值=0.032）第二三分位组的女性患子宫内膜异位症的风险增加。TBARS 浓度与子宫内膜异位症风险增加呈接近显著相关（OR=1.60，p 值=0.070），而 TAP 浓度与该风险呈负相关（OR=0.15；p 值=0.048）。氧化应激结果并未改变苯并酮/对羟基苯甲酸酯暴露与子宫内膜异位症风险之间观察到的关联。
我们的研究结果表明，化妆品和 PCP 使用的频率是接触某些苯并酮和对羟基苯甲酸酯同系物的一个强有力的预测因子。这些化合物可能以氧化应激独立的方式增加子宫内膜异位症的风险。需要进一步的研究来证实这些发现。
