Yang W Z
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2019 Dec 10;40(12):1493-1498. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.12.001.
At the beginning of the founding of People's Republic of China, infectious diseases, such as smallpox, plague, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, meningitis, mumps, schistosomiasis, Kala Azar, hemorrhagic fever, leptospirosis, encephalitis B, typhus, malaria, Kala Azar, leprosy, scarlet fever and pinkeye, remained as epidemic in the country and endangered people's health. During the past 70 years, the Chinese government spent huge efforts in infectious disease prevention and treatment by promulgating and implementing series of relative policies, laws and strategies, and also encouraged all Chinese people to participate in. The achievements of these efforts in controlling infectious disease epidemic were extremely successful. Today, the outbreaks and epidemic of infectious diseases in China were rarely happened with the rapid decreases in incidence and mortality rates of all notifiable infectious diseases. Smallpox was eradicated, and polio, filariasis, leprosy and neonatal tetanus were nearly eradicated. In addition, the incidence rates of vaccine-preventable diseases, i.e. measles, diphtheria, pertussis, meningitis, encephalitis B, hepatitis A, mumps, rubella, tuberculosis, were dramatically decreased and remained at relatively low levels for years. The incidence and prevalence rates of hepatitis B infection in Children decreased significantly and reached the phase objectives. Moreover, incidence rates of natural iatrogenic infectious diseases, i.e. diarrhea, typhoid and other intestinal infectious diseases, leptospirosis and schistosomiasis, and vectorborne diseases, i.e. typhus, malaria, Kala Azar, reached the lowest and some even closed to be eliminated in China. In general, infectious diseases dropped to the tenth from the top one leading cause of all deaths, which means that the achievement of Chinese infectious disease prevention and treatment strategies contributed tremendously in improving Chinese people's health status and life expectancy.
中华人民共和国成立初期，天花、鼠疫、霍乱、痢疾、伤寒、麻疹、白喉、百日咳、脑膜炎、腮腺炎、血吸虫病、黑热病、出血热、钩端螺旋体病、乙型脑炎、斑疹伤寒、疟疾、麻风病、猩红热、红眼病等传染病在国内流行，威胁着人民健康。70年来，中国政府通过颁布实施一系列相关政策、法律和策略，大力开展传染病防治工作，并鼓励全体中国人民参与其中。这些努力在控制传染病流行方面取得了极其显著的成效。如今，中国传染病的暴发流行已很少发生，各类法定传染病的发病率和死亡率均迅速下降。天花已被消灭，脊髓灰质炎、丝虫病、麻风病和新生儿破伤风也近乎被消灭。此外，麻疹、白喉、百日咳、脑膜炎、乙型脑炎、甲型肝炎、腮腺炎、风疹、结核病等疫苗可预防疾病的发病率大幅下降，并多年维持在较低水平。儿童乙肝感染的发病率和流行率显著下降，达到阶段性目标。而且，腹泻、伤寒等肠道传染病、钩端螺旋体病和血吸虫病等自然疫源性传染病以及斑疹伤寒、疟疾、黑热病等虫媒传染病的发病率降至历史最低水平，部分病种甚至接近消除。总体而言，传染病在全死因中的顺位已从首位降至第十位，这意味着中国传染病防治策略的实施为改善国民健康状况和延长人均预期寿命做出了巨大贡献。
