Evans Amy, Abrahamson Kathleen
J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2020 Apr 1;58(4):21-27. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20200127-02. Epub 2020 Feb 14.
Suicide loss affects a significant proportion of the population, and despite its prevalence there remains a stigma surrounding death by suicide. It is important for health professionals to understand the effects of suicide stigma on surviving friends and family members so that they can respond appropriately and provide effective support. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the impact of public stigma on bereavement of suicide survivors. A total of 11 qualitative and quantitative studies were reviewed. Suicide survivors reported feeling shamed, blamed, and judged. They perceived a general discomfort and awkwardness surrounding the suicide, which contributed to avoidance and secrecy. Higher perceived stigma levels were associated with global psychological distress, depression, self-harm, and suicidality. Despite the recognized negative impact of suicide stigma on the bereaved, studies on grief interventions for suicide survivors are scarce. There is a critical need for research and evidence-based recommendations on how to best to support this vulnerable population. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(4), 21-27.].
自杀造成的损失影响着相当一部分人口，尽管其普遍存在，但围绕自杀死亡仍存在一种污名。对于卫生专业人员来说，了解自杀污名对幸存的朋友和家庭成员的影响非常重要，这样他们才能做出适当反应并提供有效的支持。我们对文献进行了系统综述，以评估公众污名对自杀幸存者丧亲之痛的影响。总共审查了11项定性和定量研究。自杀幸存者报告说感到羞耻、被指责和被评判。他们察觉到围绕自杀存在普遍的不适和尴尬，这导致了回避和保密。较高的污名感水平与整体心理困扰、抑郁、自我伤害和自杀倾向有关。尽管认识到自杀污名对丧亲者有负面影响，但针对自杀幸存者悲伤干预的研究却很少。迫切需要开展研究并提出基于证据的建议，以探讨如何最好地支持这一弱势群体。[《心理社会护理与心理健康服务杂志》，58(4)，21 - 27。]
