Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, Milan, Italy.
Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-Langebio), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-Leon, CP 36824 Irapuato, Gto., Mexico.
J Exp Bot. 2020 May 9;71(9):2479-2489. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa050.
Angiosperms form the largest group of land plants and display an astonishing diversity of floral structures. The development of flowers greatly contributed to the evolutionary success of the angiosperms as they guarantee efficient reproduction with the help of either biotic or abiotic vectors. The female reproductive part of the flower is the gynoecium (also called pistil). Ovules arise from meristematic tissue within the gynoecium. Upon fertilization, these ovules develop into seeds while the gynoecium turns into a fruit. Gene regulatory networks involving transcription factors and hormonal communication regulate ovule primordium initiation, spacing on the placenta, and development. Ovule number and gynoecium size are usually correlated and several genetic factors that impact these traits have been identified. Understanding and fine-tuning the gene regulatory networks influencing ovule number and pistil length open up strategies for crop yield improvement, which is pivotal in light of a rapidly growing world population. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge of the genes and hormones involved in determining ovule number and gynoecium size. We propose a model for the gene regulatory network that guides the developmental processes that determine seed yield.
被子植物形成了最大的陆地植物群，展示出惊人的花卉结构多样性。花的发育极大地促进了被子植物的进化成功，因为它们借助有性或无性载体保证了高效的繁殖。花的雌性生殖部分是雌蕊（也称为雌蕊）。胚珠由雌蕊内的分生组织产生。受精后，这些胚珠发育成种子，而雌蕊变成果实。涉及转录因子和激素通讯的基因调控网络调节胚珠原基的起始、在胎座上的间隔和发育。胚珠数量和雌蕊大小通常相关，已经确定了几个影响这些特征的遗传因素。了解和微调影响胚珠数量和雌蕊长度的基因调控网络为提高作物产量提供了策略，这在世界人口快速增长的背景下至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们概述了决定胚珠数量和雌蕊大小的相关基因和激素的现有知识。我们提出了一个指导决定种子产量的发育过程的基因调控网络模型。
