Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020 Apr;104(7):2911-2921. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10453-x. Epub 2020 Feb 18.
Acid resistance (AR) is an indispensable mechanism for the survival of neutralophilic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains that survive in the gastrointestinal tract. E. coli acid tolerance has been extensively studied during past decades, with most studies focused on gene regulation and mechanisms. However, the role of cell membrane structure in the context of acid stress resistance has not been discussed in depth. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the roles and mechanisms of the E. coli cell envelope from different membrane components, such as membrane proteins, fatty acids, chaperones, and proton-consuming systems, and particularly focus on the innovative effects revealed by recent studies. We hope that the information guides us to understand the bacterial survival strategies under acid stress and to further explore the AR regulatory mechanisms to prevent or treat E. coli and other related Gram-negative bacteria infection, or to enhance the AR of engineering E. coli.
耐酸性（AR）是中性嗜热菌（如在胃肠道中存活的大肠杆菌（E. coli）菌株）生存所必需的机制。在过去的几十年中，已经广泛研究了大肠杆菌的酸耐受性，其中大多数研究集中在基因调控和机制上。但是，细胞膜结构在耐酸胁迫方面的作用尚未得到深入讨论。在这里，我们从不同的膜成分（例如膜蛋白、脂肪酸、伴侣蛋白和质子消耗系统）全面综述了大肠杆菌细胞包膜的作用和机制，并特别关注了最近研究揭示的创新作用。我们希望这些信息可以帮助我们了解细菌在酸胁迫下的生存策略，并进一步探索 AR 调控机制，以预防或治疗大肠杆菌和其他相关革兰氏阴性菌感染，或增强工程大肠杆菌的 AR。
