Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Toxins (Basel). 2020 Feb 13;12(2):118. doi: 10.3390/toxins12020118.
Zearalenone and alternariol are mycotoxins produced by and species, respectively, that present estrogenic activity and consequently are classified as endocrine disruptors. To estimate the exposure of the Portuguese population to these two mycotoxins at a national level, a modelling approach, based on data from 94 Portuguese volunteers, was developed considering as inputs: i) the food consumption data generated within the National Food and Physical Activity Survey; and ii) the human biomonitoring data used to assess the exposure to the referred mycotoxins. Six models of association between mycoestrogens urinary levels (zearalenone, total zearalenone and alternariol) and food items (meat, cheese, and fresh-cheese, breakfast cereals, sweets) were established. Applying the obtained models to the consumption data ( = 5811) of the general population, the median estimates of the probable daily intake revealed that a fraction of the Portuguese population might exceed the tolerable daily intake defined for zearalenone. A reference intake value for alternariol is still lacking, thus the characterization of risk due to the exposure to this mycotoxin was not possible to perform. Although the unavoidable uncertainties, these results are important contributions to understand the exposure to endocrine disruptors in Portugal and the potential Public Health consequences.
玉米赤霉烯酮和交链孢酚分别是由 和 种真菌产生的霉菌毒素，具有雌激素活性，因此被归类为内分泌干扰物。为了在国家层面上估计葡萄牙人口对这两种霉菌毒素的暴露情况，我们开发了一种基于 94 名葡萄牙志愿者数据的建模方法，将以下内容作为输入：i）国家食品和体力活动调查中生成的食物消费数据；ii）用于评估所指霉菌毒素暴露情况的人体生物监测数据。建立了 6 种关于霉菌雌激素尿液水平（玉米赤霉烯酮、总玉米赤霉烯酮和交链孢酚）与食物（肉、奶酪和新鲜奶酪、早餐谷物、甜食）之间关联的模型。将获得的模型应用于一般人群的消费数据（n=5811），每日可能摄入量的中位数估计表明，一部分葡萄牙人口可能超过了玉米赤霉烯酮的可耐受每日摄入量。目前还缺乏交链孢酚的参考摄入量值，因此无法对暴露于这种霉菌毒素的风险进行特征描述。尽管存在不可避免的不确定性，但这些结果是了解葡萄牙暴露于内分泌干扰物情况和潜在公共卫生影响的重要贡献。
