González-Padilla Esther, A Dias Joana, Ramne Stina, Olsson Kjell, Nälsén Cecilia, Sonestedt Emily
1Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
2National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2020 Feb 11;17:15. doi: 10.1186/s12986-020-0428-6. eCollection 2020.
The evidence on the impact of high sugar consumption on micronutrient dilution does not yet allow for the establishment of clear thresholds of consumption. To establish upper and lower limit intake thresholds for added sugar, more studies from different countries and multiple populations are needed. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the intakes of added sugar and various micronutrients among the adult Swedish population across almost two decades.
The data were obtained from the samples from two populations: 1) Riksmaten Adults, a national dietary survey ( = 1797, 44% male, aged 18-80 years, data collection from 2010 to 11) that assessed dietary intake using a 4-day web-based food diary; and 2) the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, a population-based cohort study ( = 12,238, 45% male, aged 45-68 years, data collection from 1991 to 1994) that assessed dietary intake via a combination of a 7-day food diary, a food frequency questionnaire and an interview. The mean daily intake of nine micronutrients (calcium, folate, iron, magnesium, potassium, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc), adjusted for age, sex, BMI and energy intake, were examined across six added-sugar-intake groups (< 5%E, 5-7.5%E, 7.5-10%E, 10-15%E, 15-20%E, and > 20%E).
We observed significant inverse associations between the intake of added sugar and the intake of all micronutrients in both populations. The associations were linear; however, we could not determine the threshold of added sugar intake beyond which the micronutrient intake was clearly compromised.
These findings suggest that in two Swedish populations the higher the intake of added sugar in the diet, the more likely it is that the intake of micronutrients will be compromised, in two Swedish populations. However, although the trends are significant and consistent with those obtained in other studies on the subject, future studies are needed in order to build the necessary scientific knowledge to establish a threshold of added sugar intake based on micronutrient dilution.
关于高糖摄入对微量营养素稀释影响的证据尚不足以确定明确的消费阈值。为了确定添加糖的摄入量上限和下限阈值，需要来自不同国家和多人群的更多研究。本研究的目的是调查近二十年来瑞典成年人群中添加糖摄入量与各种微量营养素之间的关联。
数据来自两个人群的样本：1）瑞典全国成人饮食调查（Riksmaten Adults，n = 1797，44%为男性，年龄在18 - 80岁之间，2010年至2011年收集数据），该调查使用基于网络的4天食物日记评估饮食摄入量；2）马尔默饮食与癌症研究，一项基于人群的队列研究（n = 12,238，45%为男性，年龄在45 - 68岁之间，1991年至1994年收集数据），该研究通过7天食物日记、食物频率问卷和访谈相结合的方式评估饮食摄入量。在六个添加糖摄入量组（<5%E、5 - 7.5%E、7.5 - 10%E、10 - 15%E、15 - 20%E和>20%E）中，对调整了年龄、性别、体重指数和能量摄入后的九种微量营养素（钙、叶酸、铁、镁、钾、硒、维生素C、维生素D和锌）的平均每日摄入量进行了检查。
我们在两个人群中均观察到添加糖摄入量与所有微量营养素摄入量之间存在显著的负相关。这些关联是线性的；然而，我们无法确定添加糖摄入量的阈值，超过该阈值微量营养素摄入量会明显受到影响。
这些发现表明，在两个瑞典人群中，饮食中添加糖的摄入量越高，微量营养素摄入量受到影响的可能性就越大。然而，尽管这些趋势是显著的，并且与其他关于该主题的研究结果一致，但仍需要进一步的研究来积累必要的科学知识，以便基于微量营养素稀释确定添加糖摄入量的阈值。
