Genomic data sharing in Europe is stumbling-Could a code of conduct prevent its fall?

Genomic data sharing is becoming more important as scientists join forces across borders in biomedical research for the benefit of patients and society. The EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) helps simplify sharing of such data at the European and international level. However, initial optimism has dried up as EU member states go their own ways in implementing the GDPR into national laws, and as legal cases challenging data sharing reach courts. Codes of conduct could facilitate data sharing in Europe and better connect it to global health research. This commentary explains the potential of codes of conduct for addressees and drafters. Codes are no panacea though; other measures may be necessary to ensure that Europe remains collaborative and competitive in biomedical research. Nevertheless, codes of conduct would bring immediate benefits and, in the long term, could foster a true European ecosystem for joint biomedical research and easier international data sharing.