Food Engineering Postgraduate Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
Food Engineering Department, Midwestern State University (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Brazil.
Prep Biochem Biotechnol. 2020;50(7):635-654. doi: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1728696. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
Bacteria, yeast, and microalgae are sources of biomolecules such as enzymes, lipids, pigments, organic acids and, proteins for industrial application. These high-added-value biomolecules are often intracellularly bioaccumulated, and their recovery involves several downstream processes, in which the most crucial stage is the disruption of the cell wall. The choice of the method influences the further downstream steps and, consequently, its complexity and cost. In this review, severe and gentle methods currently used for disruption or permeabilization of bacteria, yeast, and microalgae were discussed based on their principle, application, and feasibility. Also, recent studies regarding the microbial cell disruption were presented in order to facilitate the choice of the more effective method. Some factors such as cell wall composition, nature of biomolecule, purity degree, scalability, and energy input are necessary to be considered on selecting the most appropriate disruption method. The severe methods, such as high pressure-homogenization, and ultrasonication present higher yield, lower cost, and feasibility to scale-up when compared to the gentle methods. However, in order to achieve a higher recovery yield, further studies must focus on the optimization of operational parameters and on the combination of severe and gentle methods.
细菌、酵母和微藻是生物分子（如酶、脂质、色素、有机酸和蛋白质）的来源，可用于工业应用。这些高附加值的生物分子通常在细胞内生物积累，其回收涉及多个下游过程，其中最关键的阶段是破坏细胞壁。方法的选择会影响后续的下游步骤，因此也会影响其复杂性和成本。在本文中，根据原理、应用和可行性，讨论了目前用于破坏细菌、酵母和微藻的剧烈和温和方法。此外，还介绍了关于微生物细胞破碎的最新研究，以方便选择更有效的方法。在选择最合适的破碎方法时，需要考虑细胞壁组成、生物分子性质、纯度、可扩展性和能量输入等因素。与温和方法相比，高压匀浆和超声破碎等剧烈方法具有更高的产率、更低的成本和可扩展性。然而，为了获得更高的回收产率，必须进一步研究优化操作参数和剧烈与温和方法的结合。
