Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, and.
Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
J Neurosci. 2020 Feb 19;40(8):1596-1605. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0420-19.2020.
SynGAP is a potent regulator of biochemical signaling in neurons and plays critical roles in neuronal function. It was first identified in 1998, and has since been extensively characterized as a mediator of synaptic plasticity. Because of its involvement in synaptic plasticity, SynGAP has emerged as a critical protein for normal cognitive function. In recent years, mutations in the gene have been shown to cause intellectual disability in humans and have been linked to other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. While the structure and biochemical function of SynGAP have been well characterized, a unified understanding of the various roles of SynGAP at the synapse and its contributions to neuronal function remains to be achieved. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current understanding of the multifactorial role of SynGAP in regulating neuronal function gathered over the last two decades.
SynGAP 是神经元中生化信号的有效调节剂，在神经元功能中发挥着关键作用。它于 1998 年首次被发现，此后被广泛认为是突触可塑性的介质。由于其参与突触可塑性，SynGAP 已成为正常认知功能的关键蛋白。近年来，已经表明基因中的突变会导致人类智力残疾，并与其他神经发育障碍有关，如自闭症谱系障碍和精神分裂症。虽然 SynGAP 的结构和生化功能已经得到很好的描述，但对 SynGAP 在突触中的各种作用及其对神经元功能的贡献的统一理解仍有待实现。在这篇综述中，我们总结和讨论了过去二十年中对 SynGAP 调节神经元功能的多因素作用的理解。
