Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Am J Mens Health. 2020 Jan-Feb;14(1):1557988320905251. doi: 10.1177/1557988320905251.
It has been reported that male athletes face increased risk for low energy availability and resulting health consequences similar to female athletes. The present study aimed to reveal the energy status of Japanese male runners and to examine the association between energy deficiency and physiological characteristics such as energy metabolism, bone health, and hormonal status. Six male collegiate long-distance runners during a training season participated in this study. Energy intake (EI) was assessed using 3-day dietary records with food pictures. Exercise energy expenditure (EEE) was determined by the HR-VO method. Body composition and bone status were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Energy availability (EA) was calculated by subtraction of EEE from EI and normalized by fat-free mass (FFM). Energy balance (EB) was calculated EI minus estimated total energy expenditure (TEE). Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry using the Douglas bag technique, and blood sampling was conducted to assess hormonal status. The mean EA of the subjects was 18.9 ± 6.8 kcal/kg FFM/day, and severe negative EB (range: -1444 ~ -722 kcal/d) was observed. REE of four runners was suppressed, and moreover, bone resorption was promoted in all subjects. The data in our study suggested that energy deficiency could promote bone resorption and energy metabolism suppression in Japanese male endurance runners. Additional short- and long-term studies are needed to clarify the health risks caused by energy deficiency in male athletes and explore strategies to prevent health problems related to energy deficiency in long-distance runners.
据报道，男性运动员面临着能量供应不足的风险增加，并且会出现与女性运动员相似的健康后果。本研究旨在揭示日本男性跑步运动员的能量状态，并探讨能量不足与能量代谢、骨骼健康和激素状态等生理特征之间的关系。在一个训练季节期间，有 6 名男性大学生长跑运动员参与了这项研究。使用带有食物图片的 3 天饮食记录来评估能量摄入（EI）。通过 HR-VO 方法确定运动能量消耗（EEE）。通过双能 X 射线吸收法测量身体成分和骨骼状况。通过从 EI 中减去 EEE 并除以去脂体重（FFM）来计算能量可用性（EA）。通过 EI 减去估计的总能量消耗（TEE）来计算能量平衡（EB）。使用 Douglas 袋技术通过间接测热法测量静息能量消耗（REE），并进行血液采样以评估激素状态。研究对象的平均 EA 为 18.9 ± 6.8 kcal/kg FFM/天，并且观察到严重的负 EB（范围：-1444~-722 kcal/d）。四名跑步者的 REE 受到抑制，而且所有参与者的骨吸收都得到了促进。我们研究的数据表明，能量不足可能会促进日本耐力跑步运动员的骨吸收和能量代谢抑制。需要进行更多的短期和长期研究，以阐明男性运动员能量不足带来的健康风险，并探索预防长跑运动员与能量不足相关的健康问题的策略。
