饮酒营销与未成年人饮酒之间的关系是因果关系。
The Relationship Between Exposure to Alcohol Marketing and Underage Drinking Is Causal.
机构信息
C. Everett Koop Institute, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut.
出版信息
J Stud Alcohol Drugs Suppl. 2020 Mar(19):113-124. doi: 10.15288/jsads.2020.s19.113.
OBJECTIVE
This article summarizes the findings of narrative and systematic literature reviews focused on the relationship between exposure to alcohol marketing and youth drinking, viewed in context of criteria for causality. We also consider the implications of this proposition for alcohol policy and public health.
METHOD
Our descriptive synthesis of findings is from 11 narrative and systematic reviews using the nine Bradford Hill causality criteria: (a) strength of association, (b) consistency, (c) specificity of association, (d) temporality, (e) biological gradient, (f) biological plausibility, (g) coherence, (h) experimental evidence, and (i) analogy.
RESULTS
Evidence of causality for all nine of the Bradford Hill criteria was found across the review articles commissioned for this supplement and in other previously published reviews. In some reviews, multiple Bradford Hill criteria were met. The reviews document that a substantial amount of empirical research has been conducted in a variety of countries using different but complementary research designs.
CONCLUSIONS
The research literature available today is consistent with the judgment that the association between alcohol marketing and drinking among young persons is causal.
目的
本文总结了叙事和系统文献综述的研究结果，重点关注了在因果关系标准的背景下，接触酒精营销与青少年饮酒之间的关系。我们还考虑了这一观点对酒精政策和公共卫生的影响。
方法
我们对 11 篇叙事和系统综述的研究结果进行了描述性综合，使用了 9 项布拉德福德·希尔因果关系标准：（a）关联强度，（b）一致性，（c）关联特异性，（d）时间性，（e）生物学梯度，（f）生物学合理性，（g）一致性，（h）实验证据，和（i）类推。
结果
本增刊委托编写的综述文章以及其他先前发表的综述中都发现了所有 9 项布拉德福德·希尔标准的因果证据。在一些综述中，多个布拉德福德·希尔标准都得到了满足。这些综述文献证明，在不同国家使用不同但互补的研究设计，已经进行了大量的实证研究。
结论
目前的研究文献与酒精营销与年轻人饮酒之间存在因果关系的判断是一致的。
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