Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
Biotechnol J. 2020 Aug;15(8):e1900228. doi: 10.1002/biot.201900228. Epub 2020 Mar 4.
Being the green gold of the future, microalgae and cyanobacteria have recently attracted considerable interest worldwide, for their metabolites such as lipids, protein, pigments, and bioactive compounds have immense potential for sustainable energy and pharmaceutical production capabilities. In the last decades, the efforts attended to enhance the usage of microalgae and cyanobacteria by genetic manipulation, synthetic and metabolic engineering. However, the development of photoautotrophic cell factories have rarely compared to the heterotrophic counterparts due to limited tools, bioinformatics, and multi-omics database. Therefore, recent advances of their genome editing techniques by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology, and potential applications of their metabolic engineering and regulation approaches are examined in this review. Moreover, the contemporary achievements of synthetic biology approaches of microalgae and cyanobacteria in carbon fixation and sequestration, lipid and triacylglycerol (TAG), and sustainable production of high value-added chemicals, such as carotenoids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been also discussed. From recent genomic study to trends in metabolic regulation of microalgae and cyanobacteria and a comprehensive assessment of the current challenges and opportunities for microalgae and cyanobacteria is also conducted.
作为未来的绿色黄金，微藻和蓝藻最近在全球范围内引起了相当大的兴趣，因为它们的代谢产物，如脂质、蛋白质、色素和生物活性化合物，具有巨大的可持续能源和制药生产潜力。在过去的几十年里，人们通过遗传操作、合成和代谢工程来提高微藻和蓝藻的利用率。然而，由于工具、生物信息学和多组学数据库的限制，光自养细胞工厂的发展很少能与异养细胞工厂相媲美。因此，本文综述了它们的基因组编辑技术最近的进展，通过成簇规律间隔短回文重复 (CRISPR) 技术，以及它们的代谢工程和调控方法的潜在应用。此外，还讨论了微藻和蓝藻在固碳和封存、脂质和三酰基甘油 (TAG) 以及可持续生产类胡萝卜素和二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 等高附加值化学品方面的合成生物学方法的当代成就。从最近的基因组研究到微藻和蓝藻代谢调控的趋势，以及对微藻和蓝藻当前挑战和机遇的全面评估。
