Graduated Resident of Prosthodontics, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wis.
Associate Professor and Director, Graduate Prosthodontics, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wis.
J Prosthet Dent. 2021 Jan;125(1):155-164. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.12.012. Epub 2020 Feb 18.
Soft-tissue attachment to different surfaces may play a pivotal role in the long-term success of dental implants. However, studies on the issue, especially on newer materials, are sparse.
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the viability and adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) on different implant abutment materials with specific surface modifications.
One hundred and fifty specimens in 6 experimental groups were evaluated: smooth-machined titanium alloy (Ti), laser-modified titanium (TiL), smooth-machined polyetheretherketone (PEEK) (P), laser-modified PEEK (PL), plasma-treated PEEK (PP), laser- and plasma-treated PEEK (PLP). Machined Ti was considered as the control group. Surface roughness (S), water contact angle (WCA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were measured. HGF attachment and proliferation were observed at 1, 3, and 7 days after cell seeding. Comparison of the means among the groups was performed with 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc comparison using the Tukey test (α=.05).
S values of the laser modified groups were significantly higher than those of the nonmodified (smooth-machined) groups (P<.001). WCAs were significantly different among PEEK groups, and plasma-sprayed groups had the lowest WCAs. XPS analysis of both Ti and PEEK groups showed laser treatment did not have any significant effect on the surface composition of the PEEK as the same bonds with similar ratio/fraction were detected in the spectrum of the modified specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed more functionally oriented HGF cells on the laser-grooved surfaces. On the first, third, and seventh day of proliferation, the titanium groups showed no significant differences (P>.05). On the first and third days of proliferation, the plasma sprayed groups (PP, PLP) showed significantly greater proliferation than all experimental groups (P<.001). On the seventh day of proliferation, statistically significant differences were observed between all PEEK groups and between all PEEK groups and the Ti group (P<.001), with the exception of the PL and P groups and the PLP and Ti groups (P>.05).
Laser-modified titanium and PEEK surfaces led to guided gingival fibroblast attachment. Plasma treatment of PEEK surfaces increased the wettability of this polymer and improved proliferation of HGF.
软组织与不同表面的附着在牙种植体的长期成功中可能起着关键作用。然而，关于这个问题的研究，特别是关于新材料的研究，很少。
本体外研究的目的是评估不同种植体基台材料的特定表面改性对人牙龈成纤维细胞（HGF）的活力和粘附的影响。
在 6 个实验组中评估了 150 个标本：光滑加工钛合金（Ti）、激光改性钛（TiL）、光滑加工聚醚醚酮（PEEK）（P）、激光改性 PEEK（PL）、等离子处理 PEEK（PP）、激光和等离子处理 PEEK（PLP）。加工 Ti 被认为是对照组。测量表面粗糙度（S）、水接触角（WCA）和 X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）。在细胞接种后 1、3 和 7 天观察 HGF 附着和增殖。采用单因素方差分析（ANOVA）比较组间差异，并用 Tukey 检验进行组间比较（α=.05）。
激光改性组的 S 值明显高于未改性（光滑加工）组（P<.001）。PEEK 组的 WCA 有显著差异，等离子喷涂组的 WCA 最低。Ti 和 PEEK 组的 XPS 分析表明，激光处理对 PEEK 的表面组成没有任何显著影响，因为在改性试样的光谱中检测到相同的键和相似的比例/分数。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示，激光加工的表面上有更多功能定向的 HGF 细胞。在增殖的第 1、3 和 7 天，钛组之间没有显著差异（P>.05）。在增殖的第 1 和第 3 天，等离子喷涂组（PP、PLP）的增殖明显大于所有实验组（P<.001）。在增殖的第 7 天，所有 PEEK 组之间以及所有 PEEK 组与 Ti 组之间均存在统计学显著差异（P<.001），除了 PL 和 P 组以及 PLP 和 Ti 组之间（P>.05）。
激光改性钛和 PEEK 表面可引导牙龈成纤维细胞附着。等离子体处理 PEEK 表面可提高该聚合物的润湿性，并改善 HGF 的增殖。
