Saka B, Akakpo A-S, Téclessou J-N, Mouhari-Toure A, Kassang P, Gnossike P, Elegbédé Moise Y, Mahamadou G, Kpélévi K-C, Kombaté K, Pitché P
Service de dermatologie et IST, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo.
Service de dermatologie et IST, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo.
Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2020 May;147(5):350-354. doi: 10.1016/j.annder.2020.01.007. Epub 2020 Feb 18.
The aim of this case-control study was to identify risk factors associated with acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN), seen in a dermatology clinic in Lomé (Togo).
This was a case-control study conducted from January to December 2018. Patients were recruited at outpatients dermatological clinics and controls were recruited at outpatients dermatological clinics and then in other hospital departments.
We recruited 303 consenting subjects, comprising 101 patients with AKN and 202 controls case-matched by age (±5 years). The mean patient age was 34.9±10.7 years vs. 35.6±11.2 years for controls. The most frequently observed AKN lesions were papules (73/101; 72.2%), fibrous scars (42/101; 41.5%) and folliculitis/pustules (41/101; 40.6%). In multivariate analysis, the following factors were associated with AKN: excess weight (adjusted odds ratio=4.8; 95% CI=[2.3-11.7]) or obesity (OR=9.2; 95% CI=[2.1-34.2]), bleeding during hairdressing either occasionally (aOR=13.9; 95% CI=[5.1-40.0]) or systematically (aOR=22.1; 95% CI=[6.2-40.7]), hairdressing procedures less than once per week (aOR=10.1; 95% CI=[3.2-50.8]), and extremely close cropping of hair (aOR=4.9; 95% CI=[2.8-15.5]).
AKN is common in young adults. Excess weight or obesity, bleeding during hairdressing, and frequency and style of hairdressing are all associated factors. The results of this study stress the importance of limiting injury during hairdressing, and of refraining from shaving or cropping hair without a trimmer. Since management of AKN is extremely difficult, identification of associated risk factors allows suitable preventive approaches to be adopted.
本病例对照研究旨在确定与瘢痕疙瘩性痤疮（AKN）相关的风险因素，该疾病出现在洛美（多哥）的一家皮肤科诊所。
这是一项于2018年1月至12月进行的病例对照研究。患者在皮肤科门诊招募，对照组在皮肤科门诊以及其他医院科室招募。
我们招募了303名同意参与的受试者，包括101例AKN患者和202名年龄匹配（±5岁）的对照。患者的平均年龄为34.9±10.7岁，对照组为35.6±11.2岁。最常观察到的AKN皮损为丘疹（73/101；72.2%）、纤维性瘢痕（42/101；41.5%）和毛囊炎/脓疱（41/101；40.6%）。在多因素分析中，以下因素与AKN相关：超重（调整优势比=4.8；95%置信区间=[2.3 - 11.7]）或肥胖（优势比=9.2；95%置信区间=[2.1 - 34.2]）、美发时偶尔出血（调整后优势比=13.9；95%置信区间=[5.1 - 40.0]）或经常出血（调整后优势比=22.1；95%置信区间=[6.2 - 40.7]）、美发频率低于每周一次（调整后优势比=10.1；95%置信区间=[3.2 - 50.8]）以及头发修剪过短（调整后优势比=4.9；95%置信区间=[2.8 - 15.5]）。
AKN在年轻人中很常见。超重或肥胖、美发时出血以及美发的频率和方式都是相关因素。本研究结果强调了限制美发过程中的损伤以及避免在没有修剪器的情况下剃须或剪发的重要性。由于AKN的治疗极其困难，识别相关风险因素有助于采取合适的预防措施。
