乙型肝炎疫苗接种与免疫疗法：最新进展
Hepatitis B vaccination and immunotherapies: an update.
作者信息
Stasi Cristina, Silvestri Caterina, Voller Fabio
机构信息
Observatory of Epidemiology, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Florence, Italy.
Interdepartmental Hepatology Center MASVE, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
出版信息
Clin Exp Vaccine Res. 2020 Jan;9(1):1-7. doi: 10.7774/cevr.2020.9.1.1. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
Abstract
World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 257 million people were living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Highest HBV prevalence was found in the WHO Western Pacific Region (6.2%) and in the WHO African Region (6.1%). The HBV vaccine is the best protection against chronic HBV infection and its complications. Globally, routine infant immunization against HBV has increased with an estimated coverage of 84% in 2017. Nevertheless, in many countries further efforts are needed to implement this coverage and ensure national immunization programs for people at major risk for HBV infection. Therapeutic vaccination in chronic HBV infected patients can cause anti-HBV immune responses able to remove and/or cure infected hepatocytes. It shows promising results in murine model and human trials, but these results need to be consolidated by further multicenter clinical studies. In particular, the efficacy of therapeutic vaccine seems to improve by combination therapies.
摘要
世界卫生组织（WHO）估计，有2.57亿人感染慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）。HBV流行率最高的是WHO西太平洋区域（6.2%）和WHO非洲区域（6.1%）。乙肝疫苗是预防慢性HBV感染及其并发症的最佳手段。在全球范围内，针对HBV的常规婴儿免疫接种有所增加，2017年估计覆盖率为84%。然而，在许多国家，仍需进一步努力以实现这一覆盖率，并确保为HBV感染高危人群开展国家免疫规划。慢性HBV感染患者的治疗性疫苗接种可引发抗HBV免疫反应，从而清除和/或治愈受感染的肝细胞。它在小鼠模型和人体试验中显示出有前景的结果，但这些结果需要通过进一步的多中心临床研究加以巩固。特别是，联合疗法似乎可提高治疗性疫苗的疗效。
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