Zhou Yihui, Yuan Bo, Nyberg Elisabeth, Yin Ge, Bignert Anders, Glynn Anders, Odland Jon Øyvind, Qiu Yanling, Sun Yajie, Wu Yongning, Xiao Qianfen, Yin Daqiang, Zhu Zhiliang, Zhao Jianfu, Bergman Åke
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Environ Sci Technol. 2020 Apr 7;54(7):4356-4366. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06089. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
Short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs) were analyzed in human milk from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Scandinavia. Individual samples were collected from Shanghai, Jiaxing, and Shaoxing (China), Stockholm (Sweden), and Bodø (Norway) between 2010 and 2016. Mean concentrations (range) of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in samples from the YRD were 124 [<limit of detection (LOD)-676], 146 (<LOD-1260), and 19.1 (<LOD-184) ng g fat, respectively, all of which were significantly ( < 0.05) higher than 15.9 (<LOD-120), 45.0 (<LOD-311), and 5.50 (<LOD-29.0) ng g fat, respectively, in samples from Scandinavia. MCCPs predominate in most samples, and LCCP concentrations exceed reported for polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human milk from the same regions. This study is the first to confirm LCCP exposure via breastfeeding. Principal component analysis showed that the YRD samples were more influenced by SCCPs than the Scandinavian samples, which mirror different exposures to CPs between the regions. Because of a large variation in concentrations among individuals, SCCP intake via breastfeeding indicated a potential health concern in the 90th percentile among Chinese infants. Further, CP concentrations in the YRD samples from first-time mothers were on average three times higher than from second-time mothers. In order to limit the worldwide CP contamination, the inclusion of SCCPs as persistent organic pollutants in the Stockholm Convention needs to be followed up, with the inclusion of MCCPs and LCCPs as well.
对长江三角洲（YRD）和斯堪的纳维亚地区人乳中的短链、中链和长链氯化石蜡（SCCPs、MCCPs和LCCPs）进行了分析。2010年至2016年间，从上海、嘉兴和绍兴（中国）、斯德哥尔摩（瑞典）和博德（挪威）采集了个体样本。YRD地区样本中SCCPs、MCCPs和LCCPs的平均浓度（范围）分别为124[<检测限（LOD）-676]、146（<LOD-1260）和19.1（<LOD-184）ng/g脂肪，均显著（<0.05）高于斯堪的纳维亚地区样本中的15.9（<LOD-120）、45.0（<LOD-311）和5.50（<LOD-29.0）ng/g脂肪。大多数样本中MCCPs占主导，LCCP浓度超过了同一地区人乳中多溴二苯醚的报告浓度。本研究首次证实了通过母乳喂养接触LCCP的情况。主成分分析表明，YRD地区的样本比斯堪的纳维亚地区的样本受SCCPs的影响更大，这反映了不同地区对氯化石蜡的不同暴露情况。由于个体间浓度差异较大，中国婴儿中第90百分位数的母乳喂养摄入SCCP表明存在潜在健康问题。此外，初产妇的YRD地区样本中氯化石蜡浓度平均比经产妇高三倍。为了限制全球范围内的氯化石蜡污染，需要跟进将SCCPs作为持久性有机污染物纳入《斯德哥尔摩公约》的情况，并将MCCPs和LCCPs也纳入其中。
